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Mar 2013

Volume 84, Issue 3, Articles (03xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033701 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4774387 (7 pages)

E. Nazaretski, Jungdae Kim, H. Yan, K. Lauer, D. Eom, D. Shu, J. Maser, Z. Pešić, U. Wagner, C. Rau, and Y. S. Chu

Computer aided design (CAD) model of the multilayer Laue lenses (MLL) based scanning fluorescence microscope. The inset shows schematic of the MLL setup used to perform scanning fluorescence experiments. The background represents thermal image of the horizontal MLL assembly.

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back to top Optics; Atoms and Molecules; Spectroscopy; Photon Detectors

Charged particle velocity map image reconstruction with one-dimensional projections of spherical functions

Thomas Gerber, Yuzhu Liu, Gregor Knopp, Patrick Hemberger, Andras Bodi, Peter Radi, and Yaroslav Sych

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033101 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793404 (10 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 March 2013

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Velocity map imaging (VMI) is used in mass spectrometry and in angle resolved photo-electron spectroscopy to determine the lateral momentum distributions of charged particles accelerated towards a detector. VM-images are composed of projected Newton spheres with a common centre. The 2D images are usually evaluated by a decomposition into base vectors each representing the 2D projection of a set of particles starting from a centre with a specific velocity distribution. We propose to evaluate 1D projections of VM-images in terms of 1D projections of spherical functions, instead. The proposed evaluation algorithm shows that all distribution information can be retrieved from an adequately chosen set of 1D projections, alleviating the numerical effort for the interpretation of VM-images considerably. The obtained results produce directly the coefficients of the involved spherical functions, making the reconstruction of sliced Newton spheres obsolete.
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29.40.-n Radiation detectors
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
07.75.+h Mass spectrometers
07.81.+a Electron and ion spectrometers
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Coherent synchrotron radiation for broadband terahertz spectroscopy

J. Barros, C. Evain, L. Manceron, J.-B. Brubach, M.-A. Tordeux, P. Brunelle, L. Nadolski, A. Loulergue, M.-E. Couprie, S. Bielawski, C. Szwaj, and P. Roy

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033102 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793558 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 March 2013

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We present the first high resolution (10−3 cm−1) interferometric measurements in the 200–750 GHz range using coherent synchrotron radiation, achieved with a low momentum compaction factor. The effect of microbunching on spectra is shown, depending on the bunch current. A high signal-to-noise ratio is reached thanks to an artifact correction system based on a double detection scheme. Combined to the broad emitted spectral range and high flux (up to 105 times the incoherent radiation), this study demonstrates that coherent synchrotron radiation can now be used for stability-demanding applications, such as gas-phase studies of unstable molecules.
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07.57.Pt Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques
07.85.Qe Synchrotron radiation instrumentation
41.60.Ap Synchrotron radiation

An optically transparent thin-layer electrochemical cell for the study of vibrational circular dichroism of chiral redox-active molecules

Sérgio R. Domingos, Henk Luyten, Fred van Anrooij, Hans J. Sanders, Bert H. Bakker, Wybren J. Buma, František Hartl, and Sander Woutersen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033103 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793722 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 6 March 2013

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An optically transparent thin-layer electrochemical (OTTLE) cell with a locally extended optical path has been developed in order to perform vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy on chiral molecules prepared in specific oxidation states by means of electrochemical reduction or oxidation. The new design of the electrochemical cell successfully addresses the technical challenges involved in achieving sufficient infrared absorption. The VCD-OTTLE cell proves to be a valuable tool for the investigation of chiral redox-active molecules.
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82.80.Fk Electrochemical methods
81.16.Be Chemical synthesis methods

Momentum-imaging apparatus for the study of dissociative electron attachment dynamics

A. Moradmand, J. B. Williams, A. L. Landers, and M. Fogle

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033104 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794093 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2013

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An ion-momentum spectrometer is used to study the dissociative dynamics of electron attachment to molecules. A skimmed, supersonic gas jet is crossed with a pulsed beam of low-energy electrons, and the resulting negative ions are extracted toward a time- and position-sensitive detector. Calculations of the momentum in three dimensions may be used to determine the angular dependence of dissociative attachment as well as the energetics of the reaction.
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07.81.+a Electron and ion spectrometers
29.40.Gx Tracking and position-sensitive detectors
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Design of a lens table for a double toroidal electron spectrometer

Xiao-Jing Liu, Christophe Nicolas, and Catalin Miron

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033105 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794440 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 March 2013

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We report here on the method we developed to build a lens table for a four-element electrostatic transfer lens operated together with a double toroidal electron energy analyzer designed by one of us, and whose original design and further improvements are described in detail in Miron et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3728 (1997)10.1063/1.1148017] and Le Guen et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 3885 (2002)10.1063/1.1511799]. Both computer simulations and laboratory instrument tuning were performed in order to build this lens table. The obtained result was tested for a broad range of electron kinetic energies and analyzer pass energies. Based on this new lens table, allowing to easily computer control the spectrometer working conditions, we could routinely achieve an electron energy resolution ranging between 0.6% and 0.8% of the analyzer pass energy, while the electron count rate was also significantly improved. The establishment of such a lens table is of high importance to relieve experimentalists from the tedious laboring of the lens optimization, which was previously necessary prior to any measurement. The described method can be adapted to any type of electron/ion energy analyzer, and will thus be interesting for all experimentalists who own, or plan to build or improve their charged particle energy analyzers.
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07.81.+a Electron and ion spectrometers
29.30.Aj Charged-particle spectrometers: electric and magnetic
29.30.Ep Charged-particle spectroscopy
41.85.Ne Electrostatic lenses, septa

Compact high-resolution gamma-ray computed tomography system for multiphase flow studies

A. Bieberle, H. Nehring, R. Berger, M. Arlit, H.-U. Härting, M. Schubert, and U. Hampel

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033106 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795424 (10 pages)

Online Publication Date: 19 March 2013

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In this paper, a compact high-resolution gamma-ray Computed Tomography (CompaCT) measurement system for multiphase flow studies and tomographic imaging of technical objects is presented. Its compact and robust design makes it particularly suitable for studies on industrial facilities and outdoor applications. Special care has been given to thermal ruggedness, shock resistance, and radiation protection. Main components of the system are a collimated 137Cs isotopic source, a thermally stabilised modular high-resolution gamma-ray detector arc with 112 scintillation detector elements, and a transportable rotary unit. The CompaCT allows full CT scans of objects with a diameter of up to 130 mm and can be operated with any tilting angle from 0° (horizontal) to 90° (vertical).
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47.80.Jk Flow visualization and imaging
07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments

Broadband wide-angle dispersion measurements: Instrumental setup, alignment, and pitfalls

A. Farhang, B. Abasahl, S. Dutta-Gupta, A. Lovera, P. Mandracci, E. Descrovi, and O. J. F. Martin

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033107 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795455 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 19 March 2013

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The construction, alignment, and performance of a setup for broadband wide-angle dispersion measurements, with emphasis on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, are presented in comprehensive detail. In contrast with most SPR instruments working with a monochromatic source, this setup takes advantage of a broadband/white light source and has full capability for automated angle vs. wavelength dispersion measurements for any arbitrary nanostructure array. A cylindrical prism is used rather than a triangular one in order to mitigate refraction induced effects and allow for such measurements. Although seemingly simple, this instrument requires use of many non-trivial methods in order to achieve proper alignment over all angles of incidence. Here we describe the alignment procedure for such a setup, the pitfalls introduced from the finite beam width incident onto the cylindrical prism, and deviations in the reflected/transmitted beam resulting from the finite thickness of the sample substrate. We address every one of these issues and provide experimental evidences on the success of this instrument and the alignment procedure used.
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06.30.Bp Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, and displacements)
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Arbitrary waveform generator for quantum information processing with trapped ions

R. Bowler, U. Warring, J. W. Britton, B. C. Sawyer, and J. Amini

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033108 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795552 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 March 2013

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Atomic ions confined in multi-electrode traps have been proposed as a basis for scalable quantum information processing. This scheme involves transporting ions between spatially distinct locations by use of time-varying electric potentials combined with laser or microwave pulses for quantum logic in specific locations. We report the development of a fast multi-channel arbitrary waveform generator for applying the time-varying electric potentials used for transport and for shaping quantum logic pulses. The generator is based on a field-programmable gate array controlled ensemble of 16-bit digital-to-analog converters with an update frequency of 50 MHz and an output range of ±10 V. The update rate of the waveform generator is much faster than relevant motional frequencies of the confined ions in our experiments, allowing diabatic control of the ion motion. Numerous pre-loaded sets of time-varying voltages can be selected with 40 ns latency conditioned on real-time signals. Here we describe the device and demonstrate some of its uses in ion-based quantum information experiments, including speed-up of ion transport and the shaping of laser and microwave pulses.
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03.67.Lx Quantum computation architectures and implementations
84.30.Ng Oscillators, pulse generators, and function generators
84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
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