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Mar 2013

Volume 84, Issue 3, Articles (03xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033701 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4774387 (7 pages)

E. Nazaretski, Jungdae Kim, H. Yan, K. Lauer, D. Eom, D. Shu, J. Maser, Z. Pešić, U. Wagner, C. Rau, and Y. S. Chu

Computer aided design (CAD) model of the multilayer Laue lenses (MLL) based scanning fluorescence microscope. The inset shows schematic of the MLL setup used to perform scanning fluorescence experiments. The background represents thermal image of the horizontal MLL assembly.

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back to top Nuclear Physics, Fusion and Plasmas

Measuring time of flight of fusion products in an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion device for spatial profiling of fusion reactions

D. C. Donovan, D. R. Boris, G. L. Kulcinski, J. F. Santarius, and G. R. Piefer

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033501 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793771 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 5 March 2013

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A new diagnostic has been developed that uses the time of flight (TOF) of the products from a nuclear fusion reaction to determine the location where the fusion reaction occurred. The TOF diagnostic uses charged particle detectors on opposing sides of the inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device that are coupled to high resolution timing electronics to measure the spatial profile of fusion reactions occurring between the two charged particle detectors. This diagnostic was constructed and tested by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Group in the IEC device, HOMER, which accelerates deuterium ions to fusion relevant energies in a high voltage (∼100 kV), spherically symmetric, electrostatic potential well [J. F. Santarius, G. L. Kulcinski, R. P. Ashley, D. R. Boris, B. B. Cipiti, S. K. Murali, G. R. Piefer, R. F. Radel, T. E. Radel, and A. L. Wehmeyer, Fusion Sci. Technol. 47, 1238 (2005)]. The TOF diagnostic detects the products of D(d,p)T reactions and determines where along a chord through the device the fusion event occurred. The diagnostic is also capable of using charged particle spectroscopy to determine the Doppler shift imparted to the fusion products by the center of mass energy of the fusion reactants. The TOF diagnostic is thus able to collect spatial profiles of the fusion reaction density along a chord through the device, coupled with the center of mass energy of the reactions occurring at each location. This provides levels of diagnostic detail never before achieved on an IEC device.
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52.58.-c Other confinement methods
52.75.-d Plasma devices
89.30.Jj Nuclear fusion power
28.52.-s Fusion reactors

Scanning retarding field analyzer for plasma profile measurements in the boundary of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

D. Brunner, B. LaBombard, R. Ochoukov, and D. Whyte

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033502 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793785 (14 pages)

Online Publication Date: 7 March 2013

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A new Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA) head has been created for the outer-midplane scanning probe system on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The new probe head contains back-to-back retarding field analyzers aligned with the local magnetic field. One faces “upstream” into the field-aligned plasma flow and the other faces “downstream” away from the flow. The RFA was created primarily to benchmark ion temperature measurements of an ion sensitive probe; it may also be used to interrogate electrons. However, its construction is robust enough to be used to measure ion and electron temperatures up to the last-closed flux surface in C-Mod. A RFA probe of identical design has been attached to the side of a limiter to explore direct changes to the boundary plasma due to lower hybrid heating and current drive. Design of the high heat flux (>100 MW/m2) handling probe and initial results are presented.
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52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements
52.25.-b Plasma properties
52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks

Thermal neutron detection using a silicon pad detector and 6LiF removable converters

Massimo Barbagallo, Luigi Cosentino, Vittorio Forcina, Carmelo Marchetta, Alfio Pappalardo, Paolo Peerani, Carlotta Scirè, Sergio Scirè, Maria Schillaci, Stefano Vaccaro, Gianfranco Vecchio, and Paolo Finocchiaro

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033503 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794768 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 March 2013

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A semiconductor detector coupled with a neutron converter is a good candidate for neutron detection, especially for its compactness and reliability if compared with other devices, such as 3He tubes, even though its intrinsic efficiency is rather lower. In this paper we show a neutron detector design consisting of a 3 cm × 3 cm silicon pad detector coupled with one or two external 6LiF layers, enriched in 6Li at 95%, placed in contact with the Si active surfaces. This prototype, first characterized and tested at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud and then at JRC Ispra, was successfully shown to detect thermal neutrons with the expected efficiency and an outstanding gamma rejection capability.
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29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors

A compact capacitive probe for high-voltage diagnostic in Z-pinches

Liangping Wang, Juanjuan Han, Mo Li, Xinjun Zhang, Tieping Sun, and Tianshi Lei

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033504 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4797460 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 March 2013

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A capacitive divider was arranged on Qiangguang pulsed power generator during a series of wire-array Z-pinch experiments. This divider was designed to measure the voltage acted on the gap of the cathode and anode boards. The probe has a compact construction and is conveniently assembled on the facility. It is also a cheap voltage probe and easy to build by research groups. The probe can monitor a 1 MV high voltage with a 100 ns rise time. The calibration results showed that the probe had an attenuation ratio of 3.3 × 105 and a response time less than 5 ns. The uncertainty was estimated to be 3%.
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84.37.+q Measurements in electric variables (including voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, and admittance, etc.)
52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
52.59.Qy Wire array Z-pinches
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation

A microwave interferometer for small and tenuous plasma density measurements

O. Tudisco, A. Lucca Fabris, C. Falcetta, L. Accatino, R. De Angelis, M. Manente, F. Ferri, M. Florean, C. Neri, C. Mazzotta, D. Pavarin, F. Pollastrone, G. Rocchi, A. Selmo, L. Tasinato, et al.

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033505 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4797470 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 March 2013

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The non-intrusive density measurement of the thin plasma produced by a mini-helicon space thruster (HPH.com project) is a challenge, due to the broad density range (between 1016 m−3 and 1019 m−3) and the small size of the plasma source (2 cm of diameter). A microwave interferometer has been developed for this purpose. Due to the small size of plasma, the probing beam wavelength must be small (λ = 4 mm), thus a very high sensitivity interferometer is required in order to observe the lower density values. A low noise digital phase detector with a phase noise of 0.02° has been used, corresponding to a density of 0.5 × 1016 m−3.
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52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.75.-d Plasma devices
07.57.-c Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments and equipment
52.25.-b Plasma properties
06.30.Dr Mass and density

A compact stilbene crystal neutron spectrometer for EAST D-D plasma neutron diagnostics

Xing Zhang, Xi Yuan, Xufei Xie, Zhongjing Chen, Xingyu Peng, Jinxiang Chen, Guohui Zhang, Xiangqing Li, Tieshuan Fan, Guoqiang Zhong, Liqun Hu, and Baonian Wan

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 033506 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4797623 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 28 March 2013

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A new compact stilbene crystal neutron spectrometer has been investigated and applied in the neutron emission spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak. A new components analysis method is presented to study the anisotropic light output in the stilbene crystal detector. A Geant4 code was developed to simulate the neutron responses in the spectrometer. Based on both the optimal light output function and the fitted pulse height resolution function, a reliable neutron response matrix was obtained by Geant4 simulations and validated by 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV neutron measurements at a 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. The spectrometer was used to diagnose the ion temperature in plasma discharges with lower hybrid wave injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating on the EAST tokamak.
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52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks
52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
29.30.Hs Neutron spectroscopy
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