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Feb 2013

Volume 84, Issue 2, Articles (02xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 021101 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789314 (14 pages)

Alexey Goncharov

Typical permanent magnet electrostatic plasma lens, characteristically about 15 cm long and 10 cm inner diameter. The magnets are shown in black between grey spacers. A set of cylindrical ring electrodes are located within the magnetic field region, with field lines connecting ring electrode pairs symmetrically about the lens midplane.

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back to top Electronics; Electromagnetic Technology; Microwaves

A modular optically powered floating high voltage generator

P. Antonini, E. Borsato, G. Carugno, M. Pegoraro, and P. Zotto

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 024701 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790420 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 12 February 2013

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The feasibility of fully floating high voltage (HV) generation was demonstrated producing a prototype of a modular HV system. The primary power source is provided by a high efficiency semiconductor power cell illuminated by a laser system ensuring the floating nature of each module. The HV is then generated by dc-dc conversion and a HV multiplier. The possibility of series connection among modules was verified.
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84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables
85.30.-z Semiconductor devices

Time-lag properties of corona streamer discharges between impulse sphere and dc needle electrodes under atmospheric air conditions

Daisuke Okano

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 024702 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791587 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 February 2013

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In this study of corona streamer discharges from an impulse generator using a dc power supply, the relationship of the discharge time-lag with the dc bias voltage between the sphere-to-needle electrodes under atmospheric conditions is investigated. Devices utilizing corona discharges have been used to purify air or water, destroy bacteria, and to remove undesirable substances, and in order to achieve fast response times and high power efficiencies in such devices, it is important to minimize the time-lag of the corona discharge. Our experimental results show that (a) the discharge path of a negatively biased needle electrode will be straighter than that of a positively biased needle and (b) the discharge threshold voltage in both the positive and the negative needle electrodes is nearly equal to 33 kV. By expressing the discharge voltage as a power function of time-lag, the extent of corona generation can be quantitatively specified using the exponent of this power function. The observed behavior of a corona streamer discharge between the negative spherical and the positive needle electrodes indicates that the largest power exponent is associated with the shortest time-lag, owing to the reduction in the statistical time-lag in the absence of a formative time-lag.
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52.80.Hc Glow; corona
52.75.-d Plasma devices
52.77.-j Plasma applications

Fast switching thyristor applied in nanosecond-pulse high-voltage generator with closed transformer core

Lee Li, Chaobing Bao, Xibo Feng, Yunlong Liu, and Lin Fochan

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 024703 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792593 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 February 2013

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For a compact and reliable nanosecond-pulse high-voltage generator (NPHVG), the specification parameter selection and potential usage of fast controllable state-solid switches have an important bearing on the optimal design. The NPHVG with closed transformer core and fast switching thyristor (FST) was studied in this paper. According to the analysis of T-type circuit, the expressions for the voltages and currents of the primary and secondary windings on the transformer core of NPHVG were deduced, and the theoretical maximum analysis was performed. For NPHVG, the rise-rate of turn-on current (di/dt) across a FST may exceed its transient rating. Both mean and maximum values of di/dt were determined by the leakage inductances of the transformer, and the difference is 1.57 times. The optimum winding ratio is helpful to getting higher voltage output with lower specification FST, especially when the primary and secondary capacitances have been established. The oscillation period analysis can be effectively used to estimate the equivalent leakage inductance. When the core saturation effect was considered, the maximum di/dt estimated from the oscillating period of the primary current is more accurate than one from the oscillating period of the secondary voltage. Although increasing the leakage inductance of NPHVG can decrease di/dt across FST, it may reduce the output peak voltage of the NPHVG.
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84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables

Disintegration of rocks based on magnetically isolated high voltage discharge

Mengbing He, Jinbo Jiang, Guoliang Huang, Jun Liu, and Chengzu Li

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 024704 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792433 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 25 February 2013

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Recently, a method utilizing pulsed power technology for disintegration of rocks arouses great interest of many researchers. In this paper, an improved method based on magnetic switch and the results shown that the uniform dielectrics like plastic can be broken down in water is presented, and the feasible mechanism explaining the breakdown of solid is proposed and proved experimentally. A high voltage pulse of 120 kV, rise time 0.2 μs was used to ignite the discharging channel in solids. When the plasma channel is formed in the solid, the resistance of the channel is quiet small; even if a relatively low voltage is applied on the channel on this occasion, it will produce high current to heat the plasma channel rapidly, and eventually disintegrate the solids. The feasibility of promising industrial application in the drilling and demolition of natural and artificial solid materials by the method we presented is verified by the experiment result in the paper.
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84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables
85.70.-w Magnetic devices
52.80.-s Electric discharges
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