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May 2012

Volume 83, Issue 5, Articles (05xxxx)

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Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 051101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709621 (18 pages)

Igor Lubomirsky and Oscar Stafsudd

The periodic pulsed heating technique for measuring pyroelectricity (the Chynoweth method) is one of several measurement techniques that have been significantly enhanced through advances in instrumentation such as fast digital averaging oscilloscopes and modulated light sources.

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back to top Nuclear Physics, Fusion and Plasmas

Central electron temperature estimations of TJ-II neutral beam injection heated plasmas based on the soft x ray multi-foil technique

D. Baião, F. Medina, M. Ochando, K. McCarthy, F. Tabarés, I. Pastor, and C. Varandas

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 053501 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714340 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 8 May 2012

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The core electron temperature (Te0) of neutral beam heated plasmas is determined in TJ-II stellarator by using soft x ray detectors with beryllium filters of different thickness, based on the method known as the foil absorption technique. Te0 estimations are done with the impurity code IONEQ, making use of complementary information from the TJ-II soft x ray tomography and the VUV survey diagnostics. When considering the actual electron density and temperature profile shapes, an acceptable agreement is found with Thomson scattering measurements for 8 different magnetic configurations. The impact of the use of both neutral beam injectors on the Te0 measurements is addressed. Also, the behaviour of Te0 during spontaneous profile transitions is presented.
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52.55.Jd Magnetic mirrors, gas dynamic traps
52.70.La X-ray and γ-ray measurements
52.25.Vy Impurities in plasmas
52.50.Gj Plasma heating by particle beams

Quantitative measurement of hard x-ray spectra for high intensity laser produced plasma

Z. Zhang, H. Nishimura, T. Namimoto, S. Fujioka, Y. Arikawa, M. Nishikino, T. Kawachi, A. Sagisaka, H. Hosoda, S. Orimo, K. Ogura, A. Pirozhkov, A. Yogo, Y. Okano, H. Kiriyama, et al.

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 053502 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4717677 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 10 May 2012

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X-ray line spectra ranging from 17 to 77 keV were quantitatively measured with a Laue spectrometer, composed of a cylindrically curved crystal and a detector. Either a visible CCD detector coupled with a CsI phosphor screen or an imaging plate can be chosen, depending on the signal intensities and exposure times. The absolute sensitivity of the spectrometer system was calibrated using pre-characterized laser-produced x-ray sources and radioisotopes. The integrated reflectivity for the crystal is in good agreement with predictions by an open code for x-ray diffraction. The energy transfer efficiency from incident laser beams to hot electrons, as the energy transfer agency for specific x-ray line emissions, is derived as a consequence of this work.
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52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
52.50.Jm Plasma production and heating by laser beams (laser-foil, laser-cluster, etc.)
52.59.Px Hard X-ray sources
52.70.La X-ray and γ-ray measurements

Four pi calibration and modeling of a bare germanium detector in a cylindrical field source

R. A. Dewberry and J. E. Young

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 053503 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4718374 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 23 May 2012

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In this paper we describe a 4π cylindrical field acquisition configuration surrounding a bare (unshielded, uncollimated) high purity germanium detector. We perform an efficiency calibration with a flexible planar source and model the configuration in the 4π cylindrical field. We then use exact calculus to model the flux on the cylindrical sides and end faces of the detector. We demonstrate that the model accurately represents the experimental detection efficiency compared to that of a point source and to Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) calculations of the flux. The model sums over the entire source surface area and the entire detector surface area including both faces and the detector's cylindrical sides. Agreement between the model and both experiment and the MCNP calculation is within 8%.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
06.20.fb Standards and calibration
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
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