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May 2012

Volume 83, Issue 5, Articles (05xxxx)

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Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 051101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709621 (18 pages)

Igor Lubomirsky and Oscar Stafsudd

The periodic pulsed heating technique for measuring pyroelectricity (the Chynoweth method) is one of several measurement techniques that have been significantly enhanced through advances in instrumentation such as fast digital averaging oscilloscopes and modulated light sources.

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Note: Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy imager for haired region

M. Kiguchi, H. Atsumori, I. Fukasaku, Y. Kumagai, T. Funane, A. Maki, Y. Kasai, and A. Ninomiya

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4704456 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 3 May 2012

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A wearable optical topography system was developed that is based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for observing brain activity noninvasively including in regions covered by hair. An avalanche photo diode, high voltage dc-dc converter, and preamplifier were placed in an electrically shielded case to be safely mounted on the head. Rubber teeth and a glass rod were prepared to clear away hair and reach the scalp. These devices realized for the first time a wearable NIRS imager for any region of the cortex. The activity in the motor cortex during finger tapping was successfully observed.
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87.19.lh Optical imaging of neuronal activity
87.63.L- Visual imaging
87.64.km Infrared
07.57.Kp Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors
42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors
85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors

Note: A simple spring-pressed heat link for low temperature vacuum environment

Jie Fan, Shaokui Su, Ruiyuan Liu, Xiaohui Song, and Dian-lin Zhang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056102 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4712287 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 8 May 2012

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A simple spring-pressed design aimed at improving low temperature solid-solid heat link is reported. The essence of the design is to separate the contact pressure control from heat conduction. This design is especially useful for quick sample exchange in cryogen-free cryostat with demountable sample holder.
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07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment

Note: Response characteristics of the sensor based on LaF3 thin film to different humidified gases

Guoliang Sun, Hairong Wang, Zhuangde Jiang, Cheng Guan, and Bike Zhang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4718358 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 16 May 2012

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Electromotive force (EMF) transient curves presented that the sensor showed good repeatable response in the humidity environments using ambient atmosphere as the carrier gas at different temperatures. The 90% response time and recovery time were within 40 s and 50 s, respectively. The sensor also presented stable response characteristics in 75.1% RH and 83.6% RH humidity environments using N2, 5% O2, and 50% O2 as the carrier gases, respectively. The EMF always increased with the partial pressure of oxygen in certain relative humidity. However, the ΔEMF was decreased with the increase of O2 content in the carrier gas under the condition of the variation of relative humidity from 75.1% to 83.6%. These phenomena revealed that the sensor was sensitive to water vapor without oxygen in the sample gas and too much water vapor had adverse effect on the response to oxygen. Non-Nernst behavior of the sensor was discussed in detail.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
07.20.Dt Thermometers

Note: Innovative demodulation scheme for coherent detectors in cosmic microwave background experiments

K. Ishidoshiro, Y. Chinone, M. Hasegawa, M. Hazumi, M. Nagai, and O. Tajima

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056104 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4719922 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 17 May 2012

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We propose an innovative demodulation scheme for coherent detectors used in cosmic microwave background polarization experiments. Removal of non-white noise, e.g., narrow-band noise, in detectors is one of the key requirements for the experiments. A combination of modulation and demodulation is used to extract polarization signals as well as to suppress such noise. Traditional demodulation, which is based on the two-point numerical differentiation, works as a first-order high pass filter for the noise. The proposed demodulation is based on the three-point numerical differentiation. It works as a second-order high pass filter. By using a real detector, we confirmed significant improvements of suppression power for the narrow-band noise. We also found improvement of the noise floor.
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98.70.Vc Background radiations

Note: How to design Gaussian filter with eccentricity and probe offset taken into account for roundness measurement of small radius

Lei Wang, Pei Liu, Jiubin Tan, Long Wang, and Xiaohui Ding

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056105 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4720479 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 18 May 2012

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A Gaussian filter is designed using circular convolution with eccentricity and probe offset taken into account for roundness measurement. It is found through analyses and experiments that the newly designed filter can perform as well as a fast Fourier Gaussian filter for high precision calibration in laboratory, and it can be better used for roundness measurement of small radius with high eccentricity and probe offset as well.
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84.30.Vn Filters
06.20.fb Standards and calibration
02.30.Uu Integral transforms
06.30.Bp Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, and displacements)

Note: Long range and accurate measurement of deep trench microstructures by a specialized scanning tunneling microscope

Bing-Feng Ju, Yuan-Liu Chen, Wei Zhang, Wule Zhu, Chao Jin, and F. Z. Fang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056106 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4721273 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 May 2012

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A compact but practical scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with high aspect ratio and high depth capability has been specially developed. Long range scanning mechanism with tilt-adjustment stage is adopted for the purpose of adjusting the probe-sample relative angle to compensate the non-parallel effects. A periodical trench microstructure with a pitch of 10 μm has been successfully imaged with a long scanning range up to 2.0 mm. More innovatively, a deep trench with depth and step height of 23.0 μm has also been successfully measured, and slope angle of the sidewall can approximately achieve 67°. The probe can continuously climb the high step and exploring the trench bottom without tip crashing. The new STM could perform long range measurement for the deep trench and high step surfaces without image distortion. It enables accurate measurement and quality control of periodical trench microstructures.
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06.30.Bp Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, and displacements)

Note: A flexible light emitting diode-based broadband transient-absorption spectrometer

Sean M. Gottlieb, Scott C. Corley, Dorte Madsen, and Delmar S. Larsen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056107 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4712634 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 25 May 2012

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This Note presents a simple and flexible ns-to-ms transient absorption spectrometer based on pulsed light emitting diode (LED) technology that can be incorporated into existing ultrafast transient absorption spectrometers or operate as a stand-alone instrument with fixed-wavelength laser sources. The LED probe pulses from this instrument exhibit excellent stability (∼0.5%) and are capable of producing high signal-to-noise long-time (>100 ns) transient absorption signals either in a broadband multiplexed (spanning 250 nm) or in tunable narrowband (20 ns) operation. The utility of the instrument is demonstrated by measuring the photoinduced ns-to-ms photodynamics of the red/green absorbing fourth GMP phosphodiesterase/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA domain of the NpR6012 locus of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

Note: Measurement of the runaway electrons in the J-TEXT tokamak

Z. Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, Y. H. Luo, W. Jin, J. C. Li, Z. P. Chen, Z. J. Wang, Z. J. Yang, and G. Zhuang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056108 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4721659 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 31 May 2012

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The runaway electrons have been measured by hard x-ray detectors and soft x-ray array in the J-TEXT tokamak. The hard x-ray radiations in the energy ranges of 0.5–5 MeV are measured by two NaI detectors. The flux of lost runaway electrons can be obtained routinely. The soft x-ray array diagnostics are used to monitor the runaway beam generated in disruptions since the soft x-ray is dominated by the interaction between runaway electrons and metallic impurities inside the plasma. With the aid of soft x-ray array, runaway electron beam has been detected directly during the formation of runaway current plateau following the disruptions.
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52.70.La X-ray and γ-ray measurements
52.25.Vy Impurities in plasmas
52.27.Ny Relativistic plasmas
52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks
52.55.Pi Fusion products effects (e.g., alpha-particles, etc.), fast particle effects

Note: Emittance measurements of intense pulsed proton beam for different pulse length and repetition rate

R. Miracoli, S. Gammino, L. Celona, G. Castro, D. Mascali, R. Gobin, O. Delferrière, G. Adroit, F. Senèe, and G. Ciavola

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 056109 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4723822 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 31 May 2012

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The high intensity ion source (SILHI), in operation at CEA-Saclay, has been used to produce a 90 mA pulsed proton beam with pulse length and repetition rates suitable for the European Spallation Source (ESS) linac. Typical r-r′ rms normalized emittance values smaller than 0.2π mm mrad have been measured for operation in pulsed mode (0.01 < duty cycle < 0.15 and 1 ms < pulse duration < 10 ms) that are relevant for the design update of the Linac to be used at the ESS in Lund.
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29.27.Fh Beam characteristics
29.25.-t Particle sources and targets
07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
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