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May 2012

Volume 83, Issue 5, Articles (05xxxx)

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Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 051101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709621 (18 pages)

Igor Lubomirsky and Oscar Stafsudd

The periodic pulsed heating technique for measuring pyroelectricity (the Chynoweth method) is one of several measurement techniques that have been significantly enhanced through advances in instrumentation such as fast digital averaging oscilloscopes and modulated light sources.

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Humidity-controlled preparation of frozen-hydrated biological samples for cryogenic coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy

Yuki Takayama and Masayoshi Nakasako

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 054301 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4718359 (6 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 17 May 2012

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Coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy (CXDM) has the potential to visualize the structures of micro- to sub-micrometer-sized biological particles, such as cells and organelles, at high resolution. Toward advancing structural studies on the functional states of such particles, here, we developed a system for the preparation of frozen-hydrated biological samples for cryogenic CXDM experiments. The system, which comprised a moist air generator, microscope, micro-injector mounted on a micromanipulator, custom-made sample preparation chamber, and flash-cooling device, allowed for the manipulation of sample particles in the relative humidity range of 20%–94%rh at 293 K to maintain their hydrated and functional states. Here, we report the details of the system and the operation procedure, including its application to the preparation of a frozen-hydrated chloroplast sample. Sample quality was evaluated through a cryogenic CXDM experiment conducted at BL29XUL of SPring-8. Taking the performance of the system and the quality of the sample, the system was suitable to prepare frozen-hydrated biological samples for cryogenic CXDM experiments.
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87.80.Fe Micromanipulation of biological structures
87.64.Bx Electron, neutron and x-ray diffraction and scattering
07.85.Tt X-ray microscopes
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