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Apr 2012

Volume 83, Issue 4, Articles (04xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 041101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3697599 (19 pages)

Michael A. Duncan

The laser vaporization cluster source in the "cutaway" configuration. The sample rod is mounted from above with a flexible nylon screw in a holding block. The pulsed gas valve is mounted in the stainless steel can (left) and the skimmer is mounted on the opposite wall.

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back to top Electronics; Electromagnetic Technology; Microwaves

A low phase noise microwave source for atomic spin squeezing experiments in 87Rb

Zilong Chen, Justin G. Bohnet, Joshua M. Weiner, and James K. Thompson

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 044701 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700247 (5 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 5 April 2012

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We describe and characterize a simple, low cost, low phase noise microwave source that operates near 6.800 GHz for agile, coherent manipulation of ensembles of 87Rb. Low phase noise is achieved by directly multiplying a low phase noise 100 MHz crystal to 6.8 GHz using a nonlinear transmission line and filtering the output with custom band-pass filters. The fixed frequency signal is single sideband modulated with a direct digital synthesis frequency source to provide the desired phase, amplitude, and frequency control. Before modulation, the source has a single sideband phase noise near −140 dBc/Hz in the range of 10 kHz–1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency and −130 dBc/Hz after modulation. The resulting source is estimated to contribute added spin-noise variance 16 dB below the quantum projection noise level during quantum nondemolition measurements of the clock transition in an ensemble 7 × 105 87Rb atoms.
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37.20.+j Atomic and molecular beam sources and techniques
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards
32.80.-t Photoionization and excitation

A readout for large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Sean McHugh, Benjamin A. Mazin, Bruno Serfass, Seth Meeker, Kieran O’Brien, Ran Duan, Rick Raffanti, and Dan Werthimer

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 044702 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700812 (9 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 6 April 2012

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Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are superconducting detectors capable of counting single photons and measuring their energy in the UV, optical, and near-IR. MKIDs feature intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) at microwave frequencies, allowing the construction and readout of large arrays. Due to the microwave FDM, MKIDs do not require the complex cryogenic multiplexing electronics used for similar detectors, such as transition edge sensors, but instead transfer this complexity to room temperature electronics where they present a formidable signal processing challenge. In this paper, we describe the first successful effort to build a readout for a photon counting optical/near-IR astronomical instrument, the ARray Camera for Optical to Near-infrared Spectrophotometry. This readout is based on open source hardware developed by the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research. Designed principally for radio telescope backends, it is flexible enough to be used for a variety of signal processing applications.
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42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment
07.60.Dq Photometers, radiometers, and colorimeters

Cryogenic probe station for on-wafer characterization of electrical devices

Damon Russell, Kieran Cleary, and Rodrigo Reeves

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 044703 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700213 (10 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 April 2012

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A probe station, suitable for the electrical characterization of integrated circuits at cryogenic temperatures is presented. The unique design incorporates all moving components inside the cryostat at room temperature, greatly simplifying the design and allowing automated step and repeat testing. The system can characterize wafers up to 100 mm in diameter, at temperatures <20 K. It is capable of highly repeatable measurements at millimeter-wave frequencies, even though it utilizes a Gifford McMahon cryocooler which typically imposes limits due to vibration. Its capabilities are illustrated by noise temperature and S-parameter measurements on low noise amplifiers for radio astronomy, operating at 75–116 GHz.
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84.40.Lj Microwave integrated electronics
84.30.Le Amplifiers
85.30.De Semiconductor-device characterization, design, and modeling

High voltage ultrawide band pulse generator using Blumlein pulse forming line

Y. S. Jin, S. W. Lim, C. H. Cho, J. S. Kim, Y. B. Kim, S. H. Lee, and Y. Roh

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 044704 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3703307 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2012

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A high voltage ultrawide band pulse generation system has been developed to radiate intense and ultrawide band electric fields for the examination of effects of the electric fields on the operation of electronic devices. As major components of the system, a helical strip/wire type of air-cored pulse transformer and a triaxial type of Blumlein pulse forming line have been designed and fabricated to amplify and shape the output pulse, respectively. For the construction of a compact system, the pulse transformer and the Blumlein line are installed in a single cylindrical container. An ultrawide band TEM horn antenna has been fabricated to radiate the Blumlein output pulses to electronic devices. A number of experimental results demonstrate that the system is capable of providing an output pulse whose voltage is greater than 300 kV, pulse duration is ∼5 ns, and rise time is ∼500 ps with repetition rate of 10 Hz. The peak-to-peak value of electric field intensity of a radiated pulse is also measured to be approximately 42 kV/m at a distance of 10 m away from the antenna.
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07.50.Hp Electrical noise and shielding equipment
84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories
84.30.Ng Oscillators, pulse generators, and function generators

An oscillator circuit to produce a radio-frequency discharge and application to metastable helium saturated absorption spectroscopy

F. Moron, A. L. Hoendervanger, M. Bonneau, Q. Bouton, A. Aspect, D. Boiron, D. Clément, and C. I. Westbrook

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 044705 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705999 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 April 2012

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We present a rf gas discharge apparatus which provides an atomic frequency reference for laser manipulation of metastable helium. We discuss the biasing and operation of a Colpitts oscillator in which the discharge coil is part of the oscillator circuit. Radiofrequency radiation is reduced by placing the entire oscillator in a metal enclosure.
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52.80.Pi High-frequency and RF discharges
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation
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