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Feb 2012

Volume 83, Issue 2, Articles (02xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 021101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681448 (28 pages)

Judah Levine

(Left image) The many faces of time and frequency metrology. © Salvador Dalí, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, 2011.

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 021102 (2012);http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3682002 (7 pages)

Thomas E. Parker

(Right image) The SI second is realized by cesium fountain primary frequency standards such as NIST-F1 shown here. NISTF1 is operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado, USA. However, other systems also play a significant role in the accuracy of the SI second as delivered to users
(©2005 Geoffrey Wheeler Photography).

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Preface: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Ion Sources, Giardini Naxos, Italy, 2011

S. Gammino and L. Celona

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3678669 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 February 2012

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Abstract Unavailable
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29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
52.80.Vp Discharge in vacuum
29.25.-t Particle sources and targets
back to top Brightness Awards

Brightness Award

Jose Alonso

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A201 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681801 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 17 February 2012

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.10.Cr Announcements, news, and awards
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks
52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
52.38.Kd Laser-plasma acceleration of electrons and ions
52.50.Gj Plasma heating by particle beams
back to top Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Concept for a fourth generation electron cyclotron resonance ion source

C. Lyneis, P. Ferracin, S. Caspi, A. Hodgkinson, and G. L. Sabbi

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A301 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3655527 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 February 2012

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A fourth generation electron cyclotron resonance ion source with an operating frequency between 40 and 56 GHz has the potential to quadruple the heavy-ion beam currents and provide a cost effective upgrade path for heavy ion drivers in use or in the planning stage at radioactive beam facilities. Design studies show it is feasible to produce the required magnetic fields in the plasma chamber, 7 T axially and 4 T in the radial direction with a magnetic structure using commercially available Nb3Sn superconducting materials. In this paper we describe the design of such a magnet structure including a 3D analysis of the Lorentz forces generated by the magnetic fields and the necessary clamping structure to stabilize the conductor against these forces.
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29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative

A new structure of superconducting magnetic system for 50 GHz operations (invited)

D. Z. Xie

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A302 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3655530 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 1 February 2012

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High field and high frequency have been leading the development of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs) in the past decade as demonstrated by the achieved great performance. The present superconducting magnet structures built with NbTi wires have reached an axial field of 3.5–4.0 T and a radial field of 2.0 T for operating frequency up to 28 GHz. Further increase of the magnetic field strength will require higher current superconductor, i.e., Nb3Sn wires. This paper will present the features of a new superconducting magnet structure and review of the existing structures. Using NbTi wires, the new magnet structure could be able to produce maximum fields of 7.0 T on axis and radial field of 3.7 T at a hexagonal plasma chamber wall for ECRIS operations up to 50 GHz. If this new magnet can be built with Nb3Sn wires, much higher fields can be expected.
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84.71.Ba Superconducting magnets; magnetic levitation devices

Effect of pulse-modulated microwaves on fullerene ion production with electron cyclotron resonance ion source

T. Asaji, T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, K. Oshima, R. Racz, M. Muramatsu, S. Biri, A. Kitagawa, Y. Kato, and Y. Yoshida

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A303 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3656428 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 2 February 2012

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Fullerene plasmas generated by pulse-modulated microwaves have been investigated under typical conditions at the Bio-Nano electron cyclotron resonance ion source. The effect of the pulse modulation is distinct from that of simply structured gases, and then the density of the fullerene plasmas increased as decreasing the duty ratio. The density for a pulse width of 10 μs at the period of 100 μs is 1.34 times higher than that for CW mode. We have studied the responses of fullerene and argon plasmas to pulsed microwaves. After the turnoff of microwave power, fullerene plasmas lasted ∼30 times longer than argon plasmas.
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76.40.+b Diamagnetic and cyclotron resonances
71.20.Tx Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds

Operation of the CAPRICE electron cyclotron resonance ion source applying frequency tuning and double frequency heating

F. Maimone, K. Tinschert, L. Celona, R. Lang, J. Mäder, J. Roßbach, and P. Spädtke

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A304 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660252 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 2 February 2012

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The properties of the electromagnetic waves heating the electrons of the ECR ion sources (ECRIS) plasma affect the features of the extracted ion beams such as the emittance, the shape, and the current, in particular for higher charge states. The electron heating methods such as the frequency tuning effect and the double frequency heating are widely used for enhancing the performances of ECRIS or even for the routine operation during the beam production. In order to better investigate these effects the CAPRICE ECRIS has been operated using these techniques. The ion beam properties for highly charged ions have been measured with beam diagnostic tools. The reason of the observed variations of this performance can be related to the different electromagnetic field patterns, which are changing inside the plasma chamber when the frequency is varying.
Show PACS
52.77.-j Plasma applications
52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency fields; ICR, ICP, helicons
52.25.Tx Emission, absorption, and scattering of particles
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative

Characterization of the versatile ion source and possible applications as injector for future projects

R. Miracoli, L. Celona, G. Castro, D. Mascali, S. Gammino, D. Lanaia, R. Di Giugno, T. Serafino, and G. Ciavola

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A305 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660256 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 2 February 2012

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The versatile ion source (VIS) is an off-resonance microwave discharge ion source which generates a slightly overdense plasma (ne ≈ 1017 cm−3) operating at 2.45 GHz and producing more than 50 mA of proton beams. A detailed characterization of the source, by operating between 60 and 75 kV, in terms of emittance, current extracted and proton fraction is reported below. Moreover, passive techniques (alumina coating of the plasma chamber walls, BN disks at the injection and extraction endplates) have been used to improve the performance of the source, increasing the electron density for a more efficient ionization. The know-how achieved with the VIS source may be useful for the different project, particularly for the European spallation source.
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52.50.Dg Plasma sources
52.80.Pi High-frequency and RF discharges
52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects
52.25.Jm Ionization of plasmas
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative

Electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma chamber studies using a network analyzer as a loaded cavity probe

V. Toivanen, O. Tarvainen, C. Lyneis, J. Kauppinen, J. Komppula, and H. Koivisto

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A306 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660818 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 February 2012

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A method and first results utilizing a network analyzer as a loaded cavity probe to study the resonance properties of a plasma filled electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasma chamber are presented. The loaded cavity measurements have been performed using a dual port technique, in which two separate waveguides were used simultaneously. One port was used to ignite and sustain the plasma with a microwave source operating around 11 GHz and the other was used to probe the cavity properties with the network analyzer using a frequency range around 14 GHz. The first results obtained with the JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS demonstrate that the presence of plasma has significant effects on the resonance properties of the cavity. With plasma the frequency dependent behavior is strongly damped and this trend strengthens with increasing microwave power.
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52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements
52.70.Gw Radio-frequency and microwave measurements
52.50.Sw Plasma heating by microwaves; ECR, LH, collisional heating

Advanced light ion source extraction system for a new electron cyclotron resonance ion source geometry at Saclay

O. Delferrière, R. Gobin, F. Harrault, S. Nyckees, Y. Sauce, and O. Tuske

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A307 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660820 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 2 February 2012

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One of the main goal of intense light ion injector projects such as IPHI, IFMIF, or SPIRAL2, is to produce high current beams while keeping transverse emittance as low as possible. To prevent emittance growth induced in a dual solenoid low energy transfer line, its length has to be minimized. This can be performed with the advanced light ion source extraction system concept that we are developing: a new ECR 2.45 GHz type ion source based on the use of an additional low energy beam transport (LEBT) short length solenoid close to the extraction aperture to create the resonance in the plasma chamber. The geometry of the source has been considerably modified to allow easy maintenance of each component and to save space in front of the extraction. The source aims to be very flexible and to be able to extract high current ion beams at energy up to 100 kV. A specific experimental setup for this source is under installation on the BETSI test bench, to compare its performances with sources developed up to now in the laboratory, such as SILHI, IFMIF, or SPIRAL2 ECR sources. This original extraction source concept is presented, as well as electromagnetic simulations with OPERA-2D code. Ion beam extraction in space charge compensation regime with AXCEL, and beam dynamics simulation with SOLMAXP codes show the beam quality improvement at the end of the LEBT.
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76.40.+b Diamagnetic and cyclotron resonances
41.85.-p Beam optics

Results of RIKEN superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with 28 GHz

Y. Higurashi, J. Ohnishi, T. Nakagawa, H. Haba, M. Tamura, T. Aihara, M. Fujimaki, M. Komiyama, A. Uchiyama, and O. Kamigaito

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A308 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3660821 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 February 2012

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We measured the beam intensity of highly charged heavy ions and x-ray heat load for RIKEN superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with 28 GHz microwaves under the various conditions. The beam intensity of Xe20+ became maximum at Bmin ∼ 0.65 T, which was ∼65% of the magnetic field strength of electron cyclotron resonance (BECR) for 28 GHz microwaves. We observed that the heat load of x-ray increased with decreasing gas pressure and field gradient at resonance zone. It seems that the beam intensity of highly charged heavy ions with 28 GHz is higher than that with 18 GHz at same RF power.
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74.70.-b Superconducting materials other than cuprates
76.40.+b Diamagnetic and cyclotron resonances

Generation of high charge state metal ion beams by electron cyclotron resonance heating of vacuum arc plasma in cusp trap

A. G. Nikolaev, K. P. Savkin, E. M. Oks, A. V. Vizir, G. Yu. Yushkov, A. V. Vodopyanov, I. V. Izotov, and D. A. Mansfeld

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A309 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3662011 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 February 2012

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A method for generating high charge state heavy metal ion beams based on high power microwave heating of vacuum arc plasma confined in a magnetic trap under electron cyclotron resonance conditions has been developed. A feature of the work described here is the use of a cusp magnetic field with inherent “minimum-B” structure as the confinement geometry, as opposed to a simple mirror device as we have reported on previously. The cusp configuration has been successfully used for microwave heating of gas discharge plasma and extraction from the plasma of highly charged, high current, gaseous ion beams. Now we use the trap for heavy metal ion beam generation. Two different approaches were used for injecting the vacuum arc metal plasma into the trap − axial injection from a miniature arc source located on-axis near the microwave window, and radial injection from sources mounted radially at the midplane of the trap. Here, we describe preliminary results of heating vacuum arc plasma in a cusp magnetic trap by pulsed (400 μs) high power (up to 100 kW) microwave radiation at 37.5 GHz for the generation of highly charged heavy metal ion beams.
Show PACS
52.50.Nr Plasma heating by DC fields; ohmic heating, arcs
52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency fields; ICR, ICP, helicons
52.55.Lf Field-reversed configurations, rotamaks, astrons, ion rings, magnetized target fusion, and cusps
52.80.Mg Arcs; sparks; lightning; atmospheric electricity
52.80.Vp Discharge in vacuum
52.25.Os Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation

Dependence of ion beam current on position of mobile plate tuner in multi-frequencies microwaves electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Yosuke Kurisu, Ryutaro Kiriyama, Tomoya Takenaka, Dai Nozaki, Fuminobu Sato, Yushi Kato, and Toshiyuki Iida

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A310 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3662016 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 3 February 2012

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We are constructing a tandem-type electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). The first stage of this can supply 2.45 GHz and 11–13 GHz microwaves to plasma chamber individually and simultaneously. We optimize the beam current IFC by the mobile plate tuner. The IFC is affected by the position of the mobile plate tuner in the chamber as like a circular cavity resonator. We aim to clarify the relation between the IFC and the ion saturation current in the ECRIS against the position of the mobile plate tuner. We obtained the result that the variation of the plasma density contributes largely to the variation of the IFC when we change the position of the mobile plate tuner.
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52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.50.Dg Plasma sources
29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized

Recent progress on the superconducting ion source VENUS

J. Y. Benitez, K. Y. Franzen, A. Hodgkinson, T. Loew, C. M. Lyneis, L. Phair, J. Saba, M. Strohmeier, and O. Tarvainen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A311 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3662119 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 6 February 2012

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The 28 GHz Ion Source VENUS (versatile ECR for nuclear science) is back in operation after the superconducting sextupole leads were repaired and a fourth cryocooler was added. VENUS serves as an R&D device to explore the limits of electron cyclotron resonance source performance at 28 GHz with its 10 kW gryotron and optimum magnetic fields and as an ion source to increase the capabilities of the 88-Inch Cyclotron both for nuclear physics research and applications. The development and testing of ovens and sputtering techniques cover a wide range of applications. Recent experiments on bismuth demonstrated stable operation at 300 eμA of Bi31+, which is in the intensity range of interest for high performance heavy-ion drivers such as FRIB (Facility for Rare Isotope Beams). In addition, the space radiation effects testing program at the cyclotron relies on the production of a cocktail beam with many species produced simultaneously in the ion source and this can be done with a combination of gases, sputter probes, and an oven. These capabilities are being developed with VENUS by adding a low temperature oven, sputter probes, as well as studying the RF coupling into the source.
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29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
29.27.Bd Beam dynamics; collective effects and instabilities
29.20.dg Cyclotrons
07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors

The electron cyclotron resonance ion source with arc-shaped coils concept (invited)

H. Koivisto, P. Suominen, O. Tarvainen, and P. Spädtke

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A312 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3662474 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 6 February 2012

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The main limitation to further improve the performance of ECR ion sources is set by the magnet technology related to the multipole magnet field used for the closed minimum-B structure. The JYFL ion source group has sought different approaches to improve the strength of the minimum-B structure required for the production of highly charged ion beams. It was found out that such a configuration can be realized with arc shaped coils. The first prototype, electron cyclotron resonance ion source with arc-shaped coils (ARC-ECRIS), was constructed and tested at JYFL in 2006. It was confirmed that such an ion source can be used for the production of highly charged ion beams. Regardless of several cost-driven compromises such as extraction mirror ratio of 1.05–1.2, microwave frequency of 6.4 GHz, and beam line with limited capacity, Ar4+ beam intensity of up to 2 μA was measured. Subsequent design study has shown that the ARC-ECRIS operating at the microwave frequency above 40 GHz could be constructed. This specific design would be based on NbTi-wires and it fulfills the experimental magnetic field scaling laws. In this article, the ARC-ECRIS concept and its potential applications will be described.
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29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
41.20.Gz Magnetostatics; magnetic shielding, magnetic induction, boundary-value problems
76.40.+b Diamagnetic and cyclotron resonances

Molecular and negative ion production by a standard electron cyclotron resonance ion source

R. Rácz, S. Biri, Z. Juhász, B. Sulik, and J. Pálinkás

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A313 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3662960 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 7 February 2012

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Molecular and negative ion beams, usually produced in special ion sources, play an increasingly important role in fundamental and applied atomic physics. The ATOMKI-ECRIS is a standard ECR ion source, designed to provide highly charged ion (HCI) plasmas and beams. In the present work, H−, O−, OH−, O2−, C−, C60− negative ions and H2+, H3+, OH+, H2O+, H3O+, O2+ positive molecular ions were generated in this HCI-ECRIS. Without any major modification in the source and without any commonly applied tricks (such as usage of cesium or magnetic filter), negative ion beams of several μA and positive molecular ion beams in the mA range were successfully obtained.
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29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
52.50.Sw Plasma heating by microwaves; ECR, LH, collisional heating

The effect of gas mixing and biased disc voltage on the preglow transient of electron cyclotron resonance ion source

O. Tarvainen, V. Toivanen, J. Komppula, T. Kalvas, and H. Koivisto

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A314 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3663222 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 7 February 2012

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The effect of gas mixing and biased disc voltage on the preglow of electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma has been studied with the AECR-U type 14 GHz ion source. It was found that gas mixing has a significant effect on the preglow. The extracted transient beam currents and efficiency of the heavier species increase, while the currents and efficiency of the lighter species decrease when gas mixing is applied. The effect of the biased disc was found to be pronounced in continuous operation mode in comparison to preglow. The data provide information on the time scales of the plasma processes explaining the effects of gas mixing and biased disc. The results also have implications on production of radioactive ion beams in preglow mode for the proposed Beta Beam neutrino factory.
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07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors
29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
29.38.-c Radioactive beams

Development of compact linear accelerator in KBSI

Jang-Hee Yoon, Byoung-Seob Lee, Seyong Choi, Jin Yong Park, Jung-Woo Ok, and Mi-Sook Won

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A315 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665962 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 8 February 2012

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The compact linear accelerator using a 28 GHz ECRIS is under construction in KBSI, South Korea. The main capability of this facility is the production of fast neurons for the neutron radiography. The designing of a superconducting magnet, microwave transmission system, beam extraction, and plasma chamber of ECRIS were finished. The nominal axial design fields of the magnets are 3.6 T at injection and 2.2 T at extraction; the nominal radial design field strength at the plasma chamber wall is 2.1 T. We already installed 10 kW, 28 GHz gyrotron, and tested a microwave power from gyrotron using a dummy load. The current status will be discussed in this paper.
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29.20.Ej Linear accelerators
84.71.Ba Superconducting magnets; magnetic levitation devices

Light ion source for proton/deuteron production at CEA Saclay for the Spiral2 project

O. Tuske, G. Adroit, O. Delferrière, J-F. Denis, Y. Gauthier, P. Girardot, R. Gobin, F. Harrault, P. Graehling, P. Guiho, J. Hosselet, C. Maazouzi, Y. Sauce, D. Uriot, T. Vacher, et al.

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A316 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665963 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 8 February 2012

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The production of rare radioactive ion beam (RIB) far from the valley of stability is one of the final purposes of the Spiral2 facility in Caen. The RIB will be produced by impinging a deuteron beam onto a carbon sample to produce a high neutron flux, which will interact with a uranium target. The primary deuteron beam is produced by an ion source based on ECR plasma generation. The deuteron source and the low energy beam transport (LEBT) has been assembled and tested at CEA Saclay. Diagnostics from other laboratories were implemented on the LEBT in order to characterize the deuteron beam produced and compare it to the initial simulations. The ion source has been based on a SILHI-type source, which has demonstrated good performances in pulsed and continuous mode, and also a very good reliability on long term operation. The 5 mA of deuteron beam required at the RFQ entrance is extracted from the plasma source at the energy of 40 kV. After a brief description of the experimental set-up, this article reports on the first beam characterization experiments.
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29.38.-c Radioactive beams
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards

Profiles of ion beams and plasma parameters on a multi-frequencies microwaves large bore electron cyclotron resonance ion source with permanent magnets

Yushi Kato, Naoki Sakamoto, Ryutaro Kiriyama, Tomoya Takenaka, Yosuke Kurisu, Dai Nozaki, Fuminobu Sato, and Toshiyuki Iida

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A317 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666184 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 8 February 2012

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In order to contribute to various applications of plasma and beams based on an electron cyclotron resonance, a new concept on magnetic field with all magnets on plasma production and confinement has been proposed with enhanced efficiency for broad and dense ion beam. The magnetic field configuration consists of a pair of comb-shaped magnet surrounding plasma chamber cylindrically. Resonance zones corresponding for 2.45 GHz and 11–13 GHz frequencies are positioned at spatially different positions. We launch simultaneously multiplex frequencies microwaves operated individually, try to control profiles of the plasma parameters and the extracted ion beams, and to measure them in detail.
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29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
52.50.-b Plasma production and heating

Influence of the shear flow on electron cyclotron resonance plasma confinement in an axisymmetric magnetic mirror trap of the electron cyclotron resonance ion source

I. V. Izotov, S. V. Razin, A. V. Sidorov, V. A. Skalyga, V. G. Zorin, P. A. Bagryansky, A. D. Beklemishev, and V. V. Prikhodko

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A318 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666187 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2012

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Influence of shear flows of the dense plasma created under conditions of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) gas breakdown on the plasma confinement in the axisymmetric mirror trap (“vortex” confinement) was studied experimentally and theoretically. A limiter with bias potential was set inside the mirror trap for plasma rotation. The limiter construction and the optimal value of the potential were chosen according to the results of the preliminary theoretical analysis. This method of “vortex” confinement realization in an axisymmetric mirror trap for non-equilibrium heavy-ion plasmas seems to be promising for creation of ECR multicharged ion sources with high magnetic fields, more than 1 T.
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28.52.Av Theory, design, and computerized simulation
52.55.-s Magnetic confinement and equilibrium
29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
52.30.-q Plasma dynamics and flow

Design and investigations of the superconducting magnet system for the multipurpose superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source

K. Tinschert, R. Lang, J. Mäder, J. Roßbach, P. Spädtke, P. Komorowski, M. Meyer-Reumers, D. Krischel, B. Fischer, G. Ciavola, S. Gammino, and L. Celona

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A319 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666912 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2012

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The production of intense beams of heavy ions with electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) is an important request at many accelerators. According to the ECR condition and considering semi-empirical scaling laws, it is essential to increase the microwave frequency together with the magnetic flux density of the ECRIS magnet system. A useful frequency of 28 GHz, therefore, requires magnetic flux densities above 2.2 T implying the use of superconducting magnets. A cooperation of European institutions initiated a project to build a multipurpose superconducting ECRIS (MS-ECRIS) in order to achieve an increase of the performances in the order of a factor of ten. After a first design of the superconducting magnet system for the MS-ECRIS, the respective cold testing of the built magnet system reveals a lack of mechanical performance due to the strong interaction of the magnetic field of the three solenoids with the sextupole field and the magnetization of the magnetic iron collar. Comprehensive structural analysis, magnetic field calculations, and calculations of the force pattern confirm thereafter these strong interactions, especially of the iron collar with the solenoidal fields. The investigations on the structural analysis as well as suggestions for a possible mechanical design solution are given.
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84.71.Ba Superconducting magnets; magnetic levitation devices
07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors

Performance and operation of advanced superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source SECRAL at 24 GHz

H. W. Zhao, W. Lu, X. Z. Zhang, Y. C. Feng, J. W. Guo, Y. Cao, J. Y. Li, X. H. Guo, S. Sha, L. T. Sun, and D. Z. Xie

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A320 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666913 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2012

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SECRAL (superconducting ECR ion source with advanced design in Lanzhou) ion source has been in routine operation for Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) accelerator complex since May 2007. To further enhance the SECRAL performance in order to satisfy the increasing demand for intensive highly charged ion beams, 3–5 kW high power 24 GHz single frequency and 24 GHz +18 GHz double frequency with an aluminum plasma chamber were tested, and some exciting results were produced with quite a few new record highly charged ion beam intensities, such as 129Xe35+ of 64 eμA, 129Xe42+ of 3 eμA, 209Bi41+ of 50 eμA, 209Bi50+ of 4.3 eμA and 209Bi54+ of 0.2 eμA. In most cases SECRAL is operated at 18 GHz to deliver highly charged heavy ion beams for the HIRFL accelerator, only for those very high charge states and very heavy ion beams such as 209Bi36+ and 209Bi41+, SECRAL has been operated at 24 GHz. The total operation beam time provided by SECRAL up to July 2011 has exceeded 7720 hours. In this paper, the latest performance, development, and operation status of SECRAL ion source are presented. The latest results and reliable long-term operation for the HIRFL accelerator have demonstrated that SECRAL performance for production of highly charged heavy ion beams remains improving at higher RF power with optimized tuning.
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52.50.Sw Plasma heating by microwaves; ECR, LH, collisional heating
85.25.-j Superconducting devices
29.20.dg Cyclotrons
29.25.Lg Ion sources: polarized
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative

Reliability test of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for accelerator driven sub-critical system

B. Cui, B. Tang, R. Ma, Q. Huang, Y. Ma, L. Chen, and W. Jiang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A321 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666914 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2012

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The reliability test of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source developed for accelerator driven sub-critical system is carried out in China Institute of Atomic Energy. A unique technique to improve the reliability is adopted. The source is operated for more than 200 h at 75 keV, 100 mA extracted hydrogen current, while 2 beam trips are recorded in the period, and uninterrupted operation time is about 150 h. The experimental result is described.
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29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
28.52.Nh Safety

Design of a compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source for medium charge state light ions

D. Button, M. A. C. Hotchkis, and G. N. Milford

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A322 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669789 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2012

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At the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization we are developing a new isotope ratio mass spectrometer based on the measurement of multiple charge state ions. We have carried out a review of our existing ECR ion source and identified a number of design flaws. For the new instrument, we are producing a new ECR source and have refined the design, in particular by using 3D simulations to improve the magnetic confinement field and by a combination of simulations and experiments to improve the design of the microwave coupling.
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29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
07.75.+h Mass spectrometers

First commissioning results with the Grenoble test electron cyclotron resonance ion source at iThemba LABS

R. Thomae, J. Conradie, H. Delsink, H. Du Plessis, D. Fourie, D. Hitz, M. Klopp, I. Kohler, D. Kuechler, C. Lussi, R. McAlister, S. Ntshangase, and M. Sakildien

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A323 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669790 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2012

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iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Science (iThemba LABS) is a multi-disciplinary accelerator facility. One of its main activities is the operation of a separated-sector cyclotron with a K-value of 200, which provides beams of various ion species. These beams are used for fundamental nuclear physics research in the intermediate energy region, radioisotope production, and medical physics applications. Due to the requirements of nuclear physics for new ion species and higher energies, the decision was made to install a copy of the so-called Grenoble test source (GTS) at iThemba LABS. In this paper, we will report on the experimental setup and the first results obtained with the GTS2 at iThemba LABS.
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29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
29.27.Fh Beam characteristics
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