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Review of Scientific Instruments / Volume 83 / Issue 2 / ARTICLES / Chemistry

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 024101 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680563 (10 pages)

Pilot-scale cooling tower to evaluate corrosion, scaling, and biofouling control strategies for cooling system makeup water

S. H. Chien1, M. K. Hsieh2, H. Li1, J. Monnell1, D. Dzombak2, and R. Vidic1

1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA

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(Received 22 July 2011; accepted 9 January 2012; published online 6 February 2012)

Pilot-scale cooling towers can be used to evaluate corrosion, scaling, and biofouling control strategies when using particular cooling system makeup water and particular operating conditions. To study the potential for using a number of different impaired waters as makeup water, a pilot-scale system capable of generating 27 000 kJ/h heat load and maintaining recirculating water flow with a Reynolds number of 1.92 × 104 was designed to study these critical processes under conditions that are similar to full-scale systems. The pilot-scale cooling tower was equipped with an automatic makeup water control system, automatic blowdown control system, semi-automatic biocide feeding system, and corrosion, scaling, and biofouling monitoring systems. Observed operational data revealed that the major operating parameters, including temperature change (6.6 °C), cycles of concentration (N = 4.6), water flow velocity (0.66 m/s), and air mass velocity (3660 kg/h m2), were controlled quite well for an extended period of time (up to 2 months). Overall, the performance of the pilot-scale cooling towers using treated municipal wastewater was shown to be suitable to study critical processes (corrosion, scaling, biofouling) and evaluate cooling water management strategies for makeup waters of complex quality.

© 2012 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
    1. Evaporative cooling system
    2. Heating system
  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. Pilot-scale cooling tower design
      1. Evaporative cooling system
      2. Heating system
      3. Corrosion, scaling, and biofouling monitoring system
      4. Makeup water control system
      5. Blowdown control system
      6. Biocide feeding system
      7. Power control system, cooling tower support, performance monitoring
    2. Pilot-scale cooling tower performance
      1. Ambient conditions
      2. Evaporative cooling system performance
      3. Water flow rate and cycles of concentration
      4. Heating system performance
  4. CONCLUSIONS

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KEYWORDS, PACS, and IPC

Keywords

cooling, corrosion, flow

PACS

  • 07.20.Mc

    Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment

  • 82.45.Bb

    Corrosion and passivation

International Patent Classification (IPC)

  • F25

    Refrigeration or cooling; Combined heating and refrigeration systems; Heat pump systems; Manufacture or storage of ice; Liquefaction or solidification of gases

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680563

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0034-6748 (print)  
1089-7623 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (6) Tables (2)

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