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Review of Scientific Instruments / Volume 83 / Issue 1 / INVITED ARTICLE

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 011301 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3674173 (12 pages)

Invited Article: Refractive index matched scanning of dense granular materials

Joshua A. Dijksman1, Frank Rietz2, Kinga A. Lőrincz3, Martin van Hecke4, and Wolfgang Losert5

1Physics Department, Duke University, Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
2Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Nonlinear Phenomena, University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; and Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C1610, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
3Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
5Department of Physics, IPST, and IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA

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(Received 18 April 2011; accepted 1 September 2011; published online 24 January 2012)

We review an experimental method that allows to probe the time-dependent structure of fully three-dimensional densely packed granular materials and suspensions by means of particle recognition. The method relies on submersing a granular medium in a refractive index matched fluid. This makes the resulting suspension transparent. The granular medium is then visualized by exciting, layer by layer, the fluorescent dye in the fluid phase. We collect references and unreported experimental know-how to provide a solid background for future development of the technique, both for new and experienced users.

© 2012 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. INDEX MATCHED SCANNING BASICS
  3. INDEX MATCHED SCANNING: MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Solids
    2. Liquids
    3. Fluorescent dyes
    4. Index matching: Quality and tuning
  4. INDEX MATCHED SCANNING: INSTRUMENT DESIGN
    1. Setup dimensions
    2. Imaging rate
      1. Scan rate limitations
    3. Illumination, optics, and video
      1. Lasers
      2. Optics
      3. Video
    4. Mechanics
    5. Routines for postprocessing RIMS images
  5. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

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KEYWORDS, PACS, and IPC

Keywords

dyes, fluorescence, granular materials, refractive index, suspensions

PACS

  • 78.20.Ci

    Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

  • 82.70.Kj

    Emulsions and suspensions

  • 78.55.Bq

    Liquids

International Patent Classification (IPC)

  • C09B

    Organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes; Mordants; Lakes

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3674173

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0034-6748 (print)  
1089-7623 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
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