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Review of Scientific Instruments / Volume 81 / Issue 4 / ARTICLES / Optics; Atoms and Molecules; Spectroscopy; Photon Detectors

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 043101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3340875 (12 pages)

Absolute optical extinction measurements of single nano-objects by spatial modulation spectroscopy using a white lamp

Pierre Billaud, Salem Marhaba, Nadia Grillet, Emmanuel Cottancin, Christophe Bonnet, Jean Lermé, Jean-Louis Vialle, Michel Broyer, and Michel Pellarin

Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Ionique et Moléculaire (LASIM), Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5579, Bât A. Kastler, 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France

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(Received 2 December 2009; accepted 6 February 2010; published online 7 April 2010)

This article describes a high sensitivity spectrophotometer designed to detect the overall extinction of light by a single nanoparticle (NP) in the 10−4–10−5 relative range, using a transmission measurement configuration. We focus here on the simple and low cost scheme where a white lamp is used as a light source, permitting easy and broadband extinction measurements (300–900 nm). Using a microscope, in a confocal geometry, an increased sensitivity is reached thanks to a modulation of the NP position under the light spot combined with lock-in detection. Moreover, it is shown that this technique gives access to the absolute extinction cross-sections of the single NP provided that the incident electromagnetic field distribution experienced by the NP is accurately characterized. In this respect, an experimental procedure to characterize the light spot profile in the focal plane, using a reference NP as a probe, is also laid out. The validity of this approach is discussed and confirmed by comparing experimental intensity distributions to theoretical calculations taking into account the vector character of the tightly focused beam. The calibration procedure permitting to obtain the absolute extinction cross-section of the probed NP is then fully described. Finally, the force of the present technique is illustrated through selected examples concerning spherical and slightly elongated gold and silver NPs. Absolute extinction measurements are found to be in good consistency with the NP size and shape independently obtained from transmission electron microscopy, showing that spatial modulation spectroscopy is a powerful tool to get an optical fingerprint of the NP.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. PRINCIPLE OF SMS
  3. SMS WITH A WHITE LAMP
    1. Experimental setup
    2. Sample preparation
    3. Optical detection of single nano-objects and raw extinction spectra
  4. CALIBRATION TO OBTAIN ABSOLUTE EXTINCTION CROSS-SECTIONS
    1. On the local approximation
    2. Light spot profiles in the focal plane: Experimental and numerical determination
    3. Final calibration procedure: Absolute extinction cross-section from raw SMS spectra
  5. ILLUSTRATIONS
    1. Sensitivity of the SPR with the NP shape
    2. Large spectral range and size sensitivity
  6. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOKS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

modulation spectroscopy, nanoparticles, optical instruments

PACS

  • 42.62.Fi

    Laser spectroscopy

  • 07.60.-j

    Optical instruments and equipment

  • 61.46.Df

    Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3340875

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0034-6748 (print)  
1089-7623 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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