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Jan 2009

Volume 80, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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The advanced ion-milling method for preparation of thin film using ion slicer: Application to a sample recovered from diamond-anvil cell

Shigehiko Tateno, Ryosuke Sinmyo, Kei Hirose, and Hideo Nishioka

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013901 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3058760 (4 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 5 January 2009

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The advanced argon ion-milling technique using a new instrument called ion slicer was newly developed for preparation of thin foil. Compared to the conventional ion-milling methods, this technique facilitates very wide area to be homogeneously thinned by rocking the ion beam source with low angle and the specimen during milling. Here we applied this technique to a sample recovered from a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC). We obtained the thin film of almost entire cross section of the DAC sample along the compression axis, which possesses of ∼ (10×50) μm2. The laser-heated sample is often heterogeneous due to a large temperature gradient. However the chemical analyses are obtained from the whole hot spot under the transmission electron microscope by preparing the thin foil using the ion slicer.
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06.60.Vz Workshop procedures (welding, machining, lubrication, bearings, etc.)
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis

Measurement of femtosecond electron pulse length and the temporal broadening due to space charge

Xuan Wang, Shouhua Nie, Hyuk Park, Junjie Li, Rick Clinite, Renkai Li, Xijie Wang, and Jianming Cao

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013902 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3062863 (4 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 15 January 2009

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The temporal width of ultrashort electron pulses as a function of beam intensity was measured on the femtosecond time scale with a customized streak camera. The results show that the temporal profile of an electron pulse is Gaussian at low beam intensity and progressively evolves to a top-hat shape due to space charge broadening as the beam intensity increases. The strong correlation between the pulse width and beam intensity observed in our streaking measurements agrees very well with the mean-field calculation and supports the main conclusion of previous theoretical studies that the space charge broadening plays a determinant role.
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84.47.+w Vacuum tubes

A flyer-impact technique for measuring viscosity of metal under shock compression

Yilei Li, Fusheng Liu, Xiaojuan Ma, Yinglei Li, Ming Yu, Jichun Zhang, and Fuqian Jing

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013903 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3069284 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 16 January 2009

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A flyer-impact technique, different from the explosive method of [ Sakharov et al., Sov. Phys. Dokl. 9, 1091 (1965) ], is developed to investigate the viscosity of shocked metals. The shock wave with a front of sinusoidal perturbation is induced by the sinusoidal profile of the impact surface of the sample by use of two-stage light-gas gun. The oscillatory damping process of the perturbation amplitude is monitored by electric pins. Two damping curves (perturbation amplitude relative to its initial value versus propagated distance relative to the wavelength of sinusoidal perturbation) of aluminum are determined at 78 and 101 GPa. The effective shear viscosity coefficients are deduced to be about 1300 and 800 Pa s based on the Miller and Ahrens analytic solution for viscous fluid.
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66.20.Ej Studies of viscosity and rheological properties of specific liquids
62.50.Ef Shock wave effects in solids and liquids
47.40.Nm Shock wave interactions and shock effects
47.80.-v Instrumentation and measurement methods in fluid dynamics

High-frequency electron spin resonance system using a microcantilever and a pulsed magnetic field

E. Ohmichi, N. Mizuno, M. Kimata, H. Ohta, and T. Osada

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013904 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3069287 (5 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 16 January 2009

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A novel technique of high-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) in a pulsed magnetic field is presented. Our technique is based on the magnetic detection of a magnetization change associated with the ESR absorption using a microcantilever. We successfully observed ESR signals of a microcrystal (mass ∼ 1 μg) in the millimeter-wave region up to 130 GHz in pulsed magnetic fields of up to 2.4 T. This result corresponds to the spin sensitivity of ∼ 1011 spins/G, which is four orders of magnitude better than that of conventional transmission-type ESR techniques.
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76.30.-v Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

An electrical microheater technique for high-pressure and high-temperature diamond anvil cell experiments

S. T. Weir, D. D. Jackson, S. Falabella, G. Samudrala, and Y. K. Vohra

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013905 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3069286 (6 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 21 January 2009

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Small electrical heating elements have been lithographically fabricated onto the culets of “designer” diamond anvils for the purpose of performing high-pressure and high-temperature experiments on metals. The thin-film geometry of the heating elements makes them very resistant to plastic deformation during high-pressure loading, and their small cross-sectional area enables them to be electrically heated to very high temperatures with relatively modest currents (≈1 A). The technique also offers excellent control and temporal stability of the sample temperature. Test experiments on gold samples have been performed for pressures up to 21 GPa and temperatures of nearly 2000 K.
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73.61.At Metal and metallic alloys
62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids

Effects of the positioning force of electrostatic levitators on viscosity measurements

Takehiko Ishikawa, Paul-François Paradis, Noriyuki Koike, and Yuki Watanabe

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013906 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3072884 (7 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 23 January 2009

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Electrostatic levitators use strong electric fields to levitate and accurately position a sample against gravity. In this study, the effects of the electric field are investigated with regard to viscosity measurements conducted with the oscillating drop method. The effects of the external field on viscosity measurements are experimentally confirmed by changing the sample size. Moreover, a numerical simulation based on a simple mass-spring-damper system can reproduce the experimental observations. Based on the above results, measurement procedures are improved. These help to minimize the effect of the positioning force and to increase the accuracy of the viscosity measurements.
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83.85.Jn Viscosity measurements
47.80.-v Instrumentation and measurement methods in fluid dynamics
06.30.-k Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy

Surface photovoltage spectroscopy in a Kelvin probe force microscope under ultrahigh vacuum

F. Streicher, S. Sadewasser, and M. Ch. Lux-Steiner

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013907 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3072661 (6 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 30 January 2009

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Surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy is a common method for optoelectronic semiconductor characterization. Kelvin probe force microscopy has developed into a widely used tool for nanoscale characterization of semiconductors, metals, and insulators. We present here a setup for the measurement of local SPV spectra in a Kelvin probe force microscope operated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The atomic force microscope tip can be placed to any desired position with nanometer precision and the SPV can then be recorded as a function of the wavelength of the illuminating light. We introduce the realization of the setup and present the SPV spectra on two test systems, an epitaxially grown GaAs/CuGaSe2 junction and a Zn-doped CuInS2 polycrystalline thin film.
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72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
73.40.Lq Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions
78.20.Jq Electro-optical effects

Development of a versatile high temperature top seeded solution growth unit for growing cesium lithium borate crystals

Babu Reddy J N, Suja Elizabeth, H. L. Bhat, and A. K. Karnal

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013908 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3072689 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 January 2009

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The design and fabrication of a state of the art high temperature top seeded solution growth (HTTSSG) unit with seed and crucible rotation options is discussed. Crystals from solid solutions of high viscosity could be grown using the setup. The fabricated setup is used to grow high optical quality single crystals of cesium lithium borate with dimensions 50×40×40 mm3 for frequency conversion of ir to UV laser through harmonic generation.
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81.10.Dn Growth from solutions
66.20.-d Viscosity of liquids; diffusive momentum transport
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
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