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Oct 2009

Volume 80, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

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Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 101101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3236681 (22 pages)

David D. Nolte

Biodisks are lab-on-a-chip device that spin. The two major types of biodisks are centrifugal microfluidic disks and BioCDs. The microfluidic disks use noninertial forces to pump and switch fluids. The BioCDs use lasers and high-frequency optical sampling to rapidly measure target analytes bound to recognition molecules.

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The HelCat dual-source plasma device

Alan G. Lynn, Mark Gilmore, Christopher Watts, Janis Herrea, Ralph Kelly, Steve Will, Shuangwei Xie, Lincan Yan, and Yue Zhang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103501 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3233938 (8 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 2 October 2009

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The HelCat (Helicon-Cathode) device has been constructed to support a broad range of basic plasma science experiments relevant to the areas of solar physics, laboratory astrophysics, plasma nonlinear dynamics, and turbulence. These research topics require a relatively large plasma source capable of operating over a broad region of parameter space with a plasma duration up to at least several milliseconds. To achieve these parameters a novel dual-source system was developed utilizing both helicon and thermionic cathode sources. Plasma parameters of ne ∼ 0.5–50×1018 m−3 and Te ∼ 3–12 eV allow access to a wide range of collisionalities important to the research. The HelCat device and initial characterization of plasma behavior during dual-source operation are described.
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52.75.-d Plasma devices

A magneto-optic probe for magnetic fluctuation measurements

W. S. Przybysz, J. Ellis, S. Chakraborty Thakur, A. Hansen, R. A. Hardin, S. Sears, and E. E. Scime

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103502 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3238509 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 7 October 2009

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Results from a proof-of-principle experiment are presented that demonstrate it is possible to construct a completely optical, robust, and compact probe capable of spatially resolved measurements of magnetic field fluctuations smaller than 1 G over a frequency range of 1 Hz–8 MHz in a plasma. In contrast to conventional coil probes, the signal strength is independent of fluctuation frequency and the measurement technique is immune to electrostatic pickup. The probe consists of a high Verdet constant crystal, two polarizers, optical fibers, and a photodetector.
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78.20.Ls Magneto-optical effects
84.32.Hh Inductors and coils; wiring
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)

Descriptions of a linear device developed for research on advanced plasma imaging and dynamics

J. Chung, K. D. Lee, D. C. Seo, Y. U. Nam, W. H. Ko, J. H. Lee, and M. C. Choi

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103503 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3239405 (6 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 7 October 2009

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The research on advanced plasma imaging and dynamics (RAPID) device is a newly developed linear electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma device. It has a variety of axial magnetic field profiles provided by eight water-cooled magnetic coils and two dc power supplies. The positions of the magnetic coils are freely adjustable along the axial direction and the power supplies can be operated with many combinations of electrical wiring to the coils. A 6 kW 2.45 GHz magnetron is used to produce steady-state ECR plasmas with central magnetic fields of 875 and/or 437.5 G (second harmonic). The cylindrical stainless steel vacuum chamber is 300 mm in diameter and 750 mm in length and has eight radial and ten axial ports including 6-in. and 8-in. viewing windows for heating and diagnostics. Experimental observation of ECR plasma heating has been recently carried out during the initial plasma operation. The main diagnostic systems including a 94 GHz heterodyne interferometer, a high-resolution 25 channel one-dimensional array spectrometer, a single channel survey spectrometer, and an electric probe have been also prepared. The RAPID device is a flexible simulator for the understanding of tokamak edge plasma physics and new diagnostic system development. In this work, we describe the RAPID device and initial operation results.
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52.75.-d Plasma devices
52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency fields; ICR, ICP, helicons
52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks
52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects

Development and testing of a fast Fourier transform high dynamic-range spectral diagnostics for millimeter wave characterization

D. J. Thoen, W. A. Bongers, E. Westerhof, J. W. Oosterbeek, M. R. de Baar, M. A. van den Berg, V. van Beveren, A. Bürger, A. P. H. Goede, M. F. Graswinckel, B. A. Hennen, and F. C. Schüller

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103504 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3244091 (10 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2009

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A fast Fourier transform (FFT) based wide range millimeter wave diagnostics for spectral characterization of scattered millimeter waves in plasmas has been successfully brought into operation. The scattered millimeter waves are heterodyne downconverted and directly digitized using a fast analog-digital converter and a compact peripheral component interconnect computer. Frequency spectra are obtained by FFT in the time domain of the intermediate frequency signal. The scattered millimeter waves are generated during high power electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments on the TEXTOR tokamak and demonstrate the performance of the diagnostics and, in particular, the usability of direct digitizing and Fourier transformation of millimeter wave signals. The diagnostics is able to acquire 4 GHz wide spectra of signals in the range of 136–140 GHz. The rate of spectra is tunable and has been tested between 200 000 spectra/s with a frequency resolution of 100 MHz and 120 spectra/s with a frequency resolution of 25 kHz. The respective dynamic ranges are 52 and 88 dB. Major benefits of the new diagnostics are a tunable time and frequency resolution due to postdetection, near-real time processing of the acquired data. This diagnostics has a wider application in astrophysics, earth observation, plasma physics, and molecular spectroscopy for the detection and analysis of millimeter wave radiation, providing high-resolution spectra at high temporal resolution and large dynamic range.
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52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency fields; ICR, ICP, helicons
52.50.Sw Plasma heating by microwaves; ECR, LH, collisional heating
52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks

Retarding field energy analyzer for the Saskatchewan Torus–Modified plasma boundary

M. Dreval, D. Rohraff, C. Xiao, and A. Hirose

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103505 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3247902 (9 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2009

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The retarding field energy analyzer (RFA) is a simple and reliable diagnostic technique to measure the ion temperature in the scrape-off layer and edge of magnetic fusion devices. Design and operation features of a single-sided (facing the ion flow) RFA for ion temperature measurements in the Saskatchewan Torus–Modified (STOR-M) tokamak are described. Its compact size (21×15×20 mm3) allows RFA measurements without perturbing plasma significantly. Both ion and electron temperature have been measured by RFA in the STOR-M tokamak. A method is proposed to correct the effects of ion flow on the ion temperature using the simultaneously measured Mach number. The measured electron temperature is consistent with the previously reported Langmuir probe data. Abnormal behavior of the RFA has been observed in both ion and electron modes when RFA is inserted deep into the plasma.
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52.70.-m Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation
52.55.Fa Tokamaks, spherical tokamaks

Quartz crystal microbalance-based system for high-sensitivity differential sputter yield measurements

B. Rubin, J. L. Topper, C. C. Farnell, and A. P. Yalin

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103506 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3249560 (9 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 October 2009

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We present a quartz crystal microbalance-based system for high sensitivity differential sputter yield measurements of different target materials due to ion bombardment. The differential sputter yields can be integrated to find total yields. Possible ion beam conditions include ion energies in the range of 30–350 eV and incidence angles of 0°–70° from normal. A four-grid ion optics system is used to achieve a collimated ion beam at low energy (<100 eV) and a two-grid ion optics is used for higher energies (up to 750 eV). A complementary weight loss approach is also used to measure total sputter yields. Validation experiments are presented that confirm high sensitivity and accuracy of sputter yield measurements.
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07.10.Lw Balance systems, tensile machines, etc.
41.85.Si Particle beam collimators, monochromators
68.49.Sf Ion scattering from surfaces (charge transfer, sputtering, SIMS)
79.20.Rf Atomic, molecular, and ion beam impact and interactions with surfaces
06.30.Dr Mass and density
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