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Review of Scientific Instruments / Volume 79 / Issue 7 / OPTICS; ATOMS AND MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON DETECTORS

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2947737 (13 pages)

A tabletop femtosecond time-resolved soft x-ray transient absorption spectrometer

Zhi-Heng Loh, Munira Khalil, Raoul E. Correa, and Stephen R. Leone

Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

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(Received 13 March 2008; accepted 18 May 2008; published online 1 July 2008)

A laser-based, tabletop instrument is constructed to perform femtosecond soft x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Ultrashort soft x-ray pulses produced via high-order harmonic generation of the amplified output of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system are used to probe atomic core-level transient absorptions in atoms and molecules. The results provide chemically specific, time-resolved dynamics with sub-50-fs time resolution. In this setup, high-order harmonics generated in a Ne-filled capillary waveguide are refocused by a gold-coated toroidal mirror into the sample gas cell, where the soft x-ray light intersects with an optical pump pulse. The transmitted high-order harmonics are spectrally dispersed with a homebuilt soft x-ray spectrometer, which consists of a gold-coated toroidal mirror, a uniform-line spaced plane grating, and a soft x-ray charge coupled device camera. The optical layout of the instrument, design of the soft x-ray spectrometer, and spatial and temporal characterizations of the high-order harmonics are described. Examples of static and time-resolved photoabsorption spectra collected on this apparatus are presented.

© 2008 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
    1. Femtosecond laser system and pulse diagnostics
    2. Optical layout
    3. High-order harmonic generation
    4. Vacuum apparatus and sample gas cell
    5. Soft x-ray spectrometer
    6. Data acquisition procedures
  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. High-order harmonic spectra
    2. Wavelength tuning by plasma-induced blueshifting
    3. Photon flux measurements
    4. Spatial beam profile measurements
    5. Static photoabsorption spectroscopy
    6. Transient absorption spectroscopy
  4. SUMMARY

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

gold, high-speed optical techniques, mirrors, neon, optical harmonic generation, optical pumping, optical waveguides, sapphire, solid lasers, time resolved spectroscopy, titanium, visible spectrometers, X-ray lasers, X-ray spectrometers

PACS

  • 07.85.Nc

    X-ray and γ-ray spectrometers

  • 42.55.Vc

    X- and γ-ray lasers

  • 42.65.Re

    Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

  • 42.65.Ky

    Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation

  • 07.60.Rd

    Visible and ultraviolet spectrometers

  • 42.79.Bh

    Lenses, prisms and mirrors

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2947737

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0034-6748 (print)  
1089-7623 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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