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Review of Scientific Instruments / Volume 79 / Issue 5 / INVITED ARTICLE

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 051301 (2008); doi:10.1063/1.2919944 (12 pages)

Invited Article: Design techniques and noise properties of ultrastable cryogenically cooled sapphire-dielectric resonator oscillators

C. R. Locke, E. N. Ivanov, J. G. Hartnett, P. L. Stanwix, and M. E. Tobar

School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia

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(Received 9 November 2007; accepted 23 March 2008; published online 12 May 2008)

We review the techniques used in the design and construction of cryogenic sapphire oscillators at the University of Western Australia over the 18 year history of the project. We describe the project from its beginnings when sapphire oscillators were first developed as low-noise transducers for gravitational wave detection. Specifically, we describe the techniques that were applied to the construction of an interrogation oscillator for the PHARAO Cs atomic clock in CNES, in Toulouse France, and to the 2006 construction of four high performance oscillators for use at NMIJ and NICT, in Japan, as well as a permanent secondary frequency standard for the laboratory at UWA. Fractional-frequency fluctuations below 6×10−16 at integration times between 10 and 200 s have been repeatedly achieved.

© 2008 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. THE RESONATOR
  3. THE OSCILLATOR
    1. Frequency stability limit due to intrinsic fluctuations of the Pound frequency discriminator
    2. Frequency stability limit due to AM-index fluctuations of the interrogation signal
    3. Frequency stability of the CSOs
  4. CONCLUSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

cooling, cryogenics, dielectric materials, microwave oscillators, sapphire

PACS

  • 07.57.Hm

    Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave sources

  • 84.40.-x

    Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology

ARTICLE DATA

Permalink
http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.2919944

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:

0034-6748 (print)  
1089-7623 (online)

Publisher:

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
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    P. L. Stanwix, M. E. Tobar, P. Wolf, C. R. Locke, and E. N. Ivanov, Phys. Rev. D 74, 081101 (R)(2006).

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