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Nov 2008

Volume 79, Issue 11, Articles (11xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 111301 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3005784 (14 pages)

Anita Sengupta, James Kulleck, Norm Hill, and Wayne Ohlinger

Post life test (30,472 hour) condition of the interior of an impregnated-cathode showing a cascade of crystallites emanating from the cathode orifice plate, a result of tungsten transport and redeposition processes. This cathode was the electron source of the Deep Space 1 flight spare ion thruster.

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A cryogenic supersonic nozzle apparatus to study homogeneous nucleation of Ar and other simple molecules

Somnath Sinha, Hartawan Laksmono, and Barbara E. Wyslouzil

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 114101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3006002 (8 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 11 November 2008

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We present a supersonic nozzle apparatus to study homogeneous nucleation of argon and other simple molecules. Experiments can be conducted with pure condensable vapor or with condensable vapor-carrier gas mixtures. The flow through the nozzle is continuous, and expansions typically start at temperatures T0 in the range of 100<T0/K<120, and pressures p0 in the range of 30<p0/kPa<36. The gas mixture is cooled using a tube and fin heat exchanger by evaporating liquid nitrogen on the tube side. The nozzle sidewalls are also cooled with liquid nitrogen to maintain them at a temperature ∼ 20 K higher than the stagnation temperature. Static pressure measurements detect the onset of condensation, and the other properties of the flow are derived by integrating the diabatic flow equations. We present sample experimental results for pure argon where at the onset of condensation, temperatures Ton range from 47.5<Ton/K<49.5 and pressures pon range from 4.2<pon/kPa<4.9.
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47.60.Kz Flows and jets through nozzles
07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment
47.40.Ki Supersonic and hypersonic flows
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