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Jan 2007

Volume 78, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 011302 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431313 (39 pages)

R. D. Gehrz, T. L. Roellig, M. W. Werner, G. G. Fazio, J. R. Houck, F. J. Low, G. H. Rieke, B. T. Soifer, D. A. Levine, and E. A. Romana
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Quasianamorphic optical imaging system with tomographic reconstruction for electron beam imaging

H. Bender, C. Carlson, D. Frayer, D. Johnson, K. Jones, A. Meidinger, and C. Ekdahl

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013301 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2409770 (8 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2007

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We have developed a quasianamorphic optical tomography system coupled to a streak camera to provide continuous recording of the electron beam profile of an intense, long-pulse induction accelerator. A tomographic reconstruction method based on a maximum-entropy algorithm is used to reconstruct the images. The system has simplified the calculation of beam moments, eliminated ambiguity due to beam motion, and contributed to accelerator tuning.
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07.68.+m Photography, photographic instruments; xerography
42.30.Wb Image reconstruction; tomography
29.40.-n Radiation detectors
29.27.Fh Beam characteristics

Lithium ion sources for investigations of fast ion transport in magnetized plasmas

Y. Zhang, H. Boehmer, W. W. Heidbrink, R. McWilliams, D. Leneman, and S. Vincena

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013302 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431086 (8 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2007

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In order to study the interaction of ions of intermediate energies with plasma fluctuations, two plasma immersible lithium ion sources, based on solid-state thermionic emitters (Li aluminosilicate) were developed. Compared to discharge based ion sources, they are compact, have zero gas load, small energy dispersion, and can be operated at any angle with respect to an ambient magnetic field of up to 4.0 kG. Beam energies range from 400 eV to 2.0 keV with typical beam current densities in the 1 mA/cm2 range. Because of the low ion mass, beam velocities of 100–300 km/s are in the range of Alfvén speeds in typical helium plasmas in the large plasma device.
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52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.25.Xz Magnetized plasmas
52.25.Gj Fluctuation and chaos phenomena
52.30.Cv Magnetohydrodynamics (including electron magnetohydrodynamics)
52.35.Bj Magnetohydrodynamic waves (e.g., Alfven waves)

Apparatus for time-resolved and energy-resolved measurement of internal conversion electron emission induced by nuclear resonant excitation with synchrotron radiation

Taizo Kawauchi, Masuaki Matsumoto, Katsuyuki Fukutani, Tatsuo Okano, Shunji Kishimoto, Xiaowei Zhang, and Yoshitaka Yoda

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013303 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2431754 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 January 2007

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A high-energy and large-object-spot type cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) was constructed with the aid of electron trajectory simulations. By adopting a particular shape for the outer cylinder, an energy resolution of 7% was achieved without guide rings as used in conventional CMAs. Combined with an avalanche photodiode as an electron detector, the K-shell internal conversion electrons were successfully measured under irradiation of synchrotron radiation at 14.4 keV in an energy-resolved and time-resolved manner.
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29.40.-n Radiation detectors
85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
79.20.Fv Electron impact: Auger emission
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces

Study of saturation of CR39 nuclear track detectors at high ion fluence and of associated artifact patterns

S. Gaillard, J. Fuchs, N. Renard-Le Galloudec, and T. E. Cowan

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013304 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2400020 (13 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 24 January 2007

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The occurrence of saturation in CR39 solid state nuclear track detectors has been systematically studied as a function of the incident ion (α particles and laser-accelerated protons) fluence and the etching time. When overexposed (i.e., for fluences above ∼ 108 particles/cm2) and/or overetched, the CR39 detectors enter a saturated regime where direct track counting is not possible anymore. In this regime, optical measurements of saturated CR39 detectors become unreliable as well, since the optical response of the saturated detectors with respect to the ion fluence is highly nonlinear. This nonlinear optical response is likely due to scattering from the surface of irregular clumping patterns which have a diameter ∼ 20 μm, i.e., ten times larger than the diameter of individual tracks. These patterns, which aggregate many individual tracks, are observed to develop in highly saturated regimes. For fluences typical of high energy short pulse laser experiments, saturation occurs, inducing the appearance of artifact ringlike structures. By careful microscopic analysis, these artifact ring patterns can be distinguished from the genuine rings occurring below saturation and characteristic of low energy laser accelerated proton beams.
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29.40.Gx Tracking and position-sensitive detectors

Electron gun using carbon-nanofiber field emitter

Y. Sakai, A. Haga, S. Sugita, S. Kita, S.-I. Tanaka, F. Okuyama, and N. Kobayashi

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 013305 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2430650 (6 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 30 January 2007

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An electron gun constructed using carbon-nanofiber (CNF) emitters and an electrostatic Einzel lens system has been characterized for the development of a high-resolution x-ray source. The CNFs used were grown on tungsten and palladium tips by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition. Electron beams with the energies of 10<E<20 keV were focused by the electrostatic lens and impinged on a W target for x-ray radiography. Analyzing the recorded x-ray radiographs, the focal spot size of the electron beam extracted from the CNFs was estimated to be D<50 μm in diameter. Superior performance was realized by using CNFs with larger fiber radii (100–500 nm) grown sparsely on the metal tips, which were installed in a holder at the short length L = 0.5 mm.
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07.85.Fv X- and γ-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors
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