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Review of Scientific Instruments / Volume 77 / Issue 4 / REVIEW ARTICLE

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 041101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2195024 (22 pages)

Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine

Minghua Xu and Lihong V. Wang

Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-3120

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(Received 15 January 2004; accepted 20 February 2006; published online 17 April 2006)

Photoacoustic imaging (also called optoacoustic or thermoacoustic imaging) has the potential to image animal or human organs, such as the breast and the brain, with simultaneous high contrast and high spatial resolution. This article provides an overview of the rapidly expanding field of photoacoustic imaging for biomedical applications. Imaging techniques, including depth profiling in layered media, scanning tomography with focused ultrasonic transducers, image forming with an acoustic lens, and computed tomography with unfocused transducers, are introduced. Special emphasis is placed on computed tomography, including reconstruction algorithms, spatial resolution, and related recent experiments. Promising biomedical applications are discussed throughout the text, including (1) tomographic imaging of the skin and other superficial organs by laser-induced photoacoustic microscopy, which offers the critical advantages, over current high-resolution optical imaging modalities, of deeper imaging depth and higher absorption contrasts, (2) breast cancer detection by near-infrared light or radio-frequency–wave-induced photoacoustic imaging, which has important potential for early detection, and (3) small animal imaging by laser-induced photoacoustic imaging, which measures unique optical absorption contrasts related to important biochemical information and provides better resolution in deep tissues than optical imaging.

© 2006 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. PHOTOACOUSTICS IN TISSUES
    1. EM absorption and penetration
      1. Optical properties
      2. rf properties
      3. Safety
    2. Photoacoustic generation
    3. PA propagation and detection
  3. DEPTH PROFILING
  4. SCANNING TOMOGRAPHY
    1. Principle
    2. rf-based scanning tomography
    3. Laser-based microscopic imaging
  5. IMAGE FORMING WITH ACOUSTIC LENSES
  6. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
    1. Introduction
    2. Inverse source problem
    3. Algorithms and methods
      1. Overview
      2. Fourier-domain algorithms
      3. Time-domain algorithms
      4. Aperture enclosing and limited view
    4. Spatial resolution
      1. Bandwidth
      2. Sensing aperture
      3. Discrete sampling
    5. Large planar detector
  7. EXPERIMENTS
    1. Breast imaging and cancer detection
      1. rf-based imaging
      2. Laser-based imaging
    2. Small animal imaging
      1. Structure imaging
      2. Functional imaging
      3. Molecular imaging
    3. Other experiments
  8. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

skin, biological organs, biomedical optical imaging, biomedical ultrasonics, thermoacoustics, ultrasonic transducers, biomedical transducers, computerised tomography, image reconstruction, image resolution, medical image processing, laser applications in medicine, optical microscopy, acoustic microscopy, cancer, gynaecology

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2195024

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0034-6748 (print)  
1089-7623 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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