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Review of Scientific Instruments / Volume 77 / Issue 10 / REVIEW ARTICLE

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 101101 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2354545 (45 pages)

Superconducting quantum interference device instruments and applications

R. L. Fagaly

Tristan Technologies, 6185 Cornerstone Court East, Suite 106, San Diego, California 92121

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(Received 7 November 2005; accepted 18 July 2006; published online 11 October 2006)

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been a key factor in the development and commercialization of ultrasensitive electric and magnetic measurement systems. In many cases, SQUID instrumentation offers the ability to make measurements where no other methodology is possible. We review the main aspects of designing, fabricating, and operating a number of SQUID measurement systems. While this article is not intended to be an exhaustive review on the principles of SQUID sensors and the underlying concepts behind the Josephson effect, a qualitative description of the operating principles of SQUID sensors and the properties of materials used to fabricate SQUID sensors is presented. The difference between low and high temperature SQUIDs and their suitability for specific applications is discussed. Although SQUID electronics have the capability to operate well above 1 MHz, most applications tend to be at lower frequencies. Specific examples of input circuits and detection coil configuration for different applications and environments, along with expected performance, are described. In particular, anticipated signal strength, magnetic field environment (applied field and external noise), and cryogenic requirements are discussed. Finally, a variety of applications with specific examples in the areas of electromagnetic, material property, nondestructive test and evaluation, and geophysical and biomedical measurements are reviewed.

© 2006 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

SQUIDs, SQUID magnetometers, reviews, Josephson effect, sensors, superconducting coils, magnetic noise, nondestructive testing, geophysical techniques, biomedical measurement

PACS

  • 85.25.Dq

    Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs)

  • 74.50.+r

    Tunneling phenomena; Josephson effects

  • 74.81.Fa

    Josephson junction arrays and wire networks

  • 85.25.Cp

    Josephson devices

  • 07.07.Df

    Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

  • 84.71.Ba

    Superconducting magnets; magnetic levitation devices

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2354545

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0034-6748 (print)  
1089-7623 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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