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Feb 2002

Volume 73, Issue 2, pp. 241-1098

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Technological developments in hadron therapy (plenary)

P. J. Bryant

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 688 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430040 (5 pages)

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Hadron therapy, which is taken here to exclude neutrons but include ions, has its roots in a paper by Robert R. Wilson in [Radiology 47, 487 (1946)]. His paper spoke mainly of protons and the advantages of their Bragg peak behavior, but it also had the foresight to mention carbon ions. Pioneering work with different ion species was started at LBL in 1975 and continued for about 15 years. Today, there is a small number of working centers and many project proposals that present between them a bewildering range of particles, accelerators, extraction techniques, delivery mechanisms, and diagnostics for the treatment of deep-seated cancers. Recent advances in the understanding of the radio-biological effect of different ions and in accelerator design, reviewed in this article, suggest that there are optimum combinations and that these combinations should be matched to specific cancer types. The deeper the knowledge, the more demanding the requirements have become for the operation and control of the accelerator complex from the ion source down to the patient. The intensity, emittance and purity of the ion species from the source are the first parameters in this chain and the reliability and reproducibility are of paramount importance for the operation. It is the medical community that will compare and ultimately choose between the various accelerator options being developed, but it is the responsibility of the accelerator community to provide the very best tools. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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87.53.-j Effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems
01.30.Rr Surveys and tutorial papers; resource letters
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