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Jan 2001

Volume 72, Issue 1, pp. 1-1261

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back to top BIOLOGY and MEDICINE

Three-dimensional conformal irradiation with a multilayer energy filter for proton therapy

Takeji Sakae, Akihiro Nohtomi, Akira Maruhashi, Masaru Sato, Katsuhisa Hosono, Toshiyuki Terunuma, Ryosuke Kohno, Yasuyuki Akine, and Yoshinori Hayakawa

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 234 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1333047 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

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The first experimental evidence of three-dimensional conformal irradiation is performed by using a new type of filter developed for charged particle radiotherapy. The new filter can yield a static irradiation field where the width of the spread-out Bragg peak is adjusted to the target as a two-dimensional continuous function in the transverse plane. The filter is made of many layers produced by using stereolithography. In the filter, a structure with two regions with different shaped miniaturized ridges is adopted to get a flat dose profile on the spread-out peak. A conformal field around a spherical target is realized by a filter that has a shape corresponding to the outward form of the target. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Show PACS
87.56.B- Radiation sources
87.53.Kn Conformal radiation treatment
07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors
41.85.-p Beam optics

Measuring system for the rapid determination of the concentration of coated micrometer-sized paramagnetic particles suspended in aqueous buffer solutions

Peter Hawkins, Richard Luxton, and James Macfarlane

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 237 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1328405 (6 pages) | Cited 1 time

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Coated paramagnetic particles (PMPs) with diameters typically 1–10 μm are widely used in biomedical investigations, including immunoassays and molecular biology. In this article we describe an investigation into a measuring system to determine rapidly the concentration of PMPs in suspension in a buffer solution in a pot. The measuring system is based on a coil in a parallel resonant circuit with a capacitor. The sample pot is placed in the coil, causing the inductance of the coil to increase and the resonant frequency to decrease. The decrease in resonant frequency is directly related to the concentration of PMPs in the pot. Using a circuit based on a Colpitts oscillator it is possible to determine the concentration of PMPs in the pot with an error of about 10% over the range 0–9 mg g−1. Much more accurate measurements (error <1%) are possible using a circuit design based on a phase-locked loop. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
07.68.+m Photography, photographic instruments; xerography
84.30.Ng Oscillators, pulse generators, and function generators
84.32.Hh Inductors and coils; wiring
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