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Aug 2000

Volume 71, Issue 8, pp. 2959-3233

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Femtoampere current reference stable over atmospheric temperatures

R. Giles Harrison and Karen L. Aplin

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 3231 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1304859 (2 pages) | Cited 8 times

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Calibration of ultralow current ammeters deployed in atmospheric ion counters requires stable current references operating at high source impedance. Using standard precision components, this current reference generates equal bipolar currents of nominally ±500 fA, cyclically for 32 s each. The currents were found to be stable to 2 fA over the temperature range −20 to 20 °C, typical of atmospheric conditions. The output current is delivered via a capacitor, and by arranging for the capacitor to be guarded at ground potential when the system is not generating a current, the reference can be permanently connected to an electrometer with minimal leakage. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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93.85.-q Instruments and techniques for geophysical research: Exploration geophysics
07.68.+m Photography, photographic instruments; xerography
06.20.F- Units and standards
84.37.+q Measurements in electric variables (including voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, and admittance, etc.)

Current mode Schmitt trigger for a phototransistor/resistor detector

Tai-Shan Liao and Chun-Ming Chang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 3233 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1304860 (1 page)

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A current mode Schmitt trigger for a phototransistor/resistor detector is presented. It can be successfully operated with a 1.5 V power supply. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
84.30.Le Amplifiers
85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
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