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Feb 2000

Volume 71, Issue 2, pp. 335-1239

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back to top GRAVITY; GEOPHYSICS; ASTRONOMY and ASTROPHYSICS

Laser time-of-flight mass spectrometry for space

W. B. Brinckerhoff, G. G. Managadze, R. W. McEntire, A. F. Cheng, and W. J. Green

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 536 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150237 (10 pages) | Cited 24 times

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We describe a miniature reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer for in situ planetary surface analysis. The laser ablation mass spectrometer (LAMS) measures the elemental and isotopic composition of regolith materials without any sample preparation or high-voltage source extraction. The small size (<2×103 cm3) and low mass (∼2 kg) of LAMS, due to its fully coaxial design and two-stage reflectron, satisfy the very strict resource limitations of landed science missions to solar system bodies. Microscopic surface samples are obtained with a short-pulse laser focused to a spot with a diameter ∼30–50 μm. Coupled with a microimager, LAMS can interactively select and analyze a range of compositional regions (with lateral motion) and access unweathered, subsurface materials (with repeated pulses). The mass resolution is sufficient to distinguish isotopic peaks at unit masses, and the detection limits are on the order of a few ppm. The design and calibration method of a prototype LAMS device is given, including the development of preliminary relative sensitivity coefficients for major element bulk abundance measurements. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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95.55.Pe Lunar, planetary, and deep-space probes
07.75.+h Mass spectrometers
82.80.Ms Mass spectrometry (including SIMS, multiphoton ionization and resonance ionization mass spectrometry, MALDI)
42.62.Eh Metrological applications; optical frequency synthesizers for precision spectroscopy
96.12.Ma Composition
96.12.Kz Surfaces

Long-path monitoring of atmospheric aerosol extinction with an automated laser positioning system

Wahyu Widada, Hiroaki Kuze, Yanqun Xue, Kazuhito Maeda, and Nobuo Takeuchi

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 546 (2000); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150238 (5 pages)

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An automated laser-beam positioning system has been developed and applied to long-path (700 m) monitoring of atmospheric aerosols. The system is based on a piezoelectric-driven mirror mount whose vertical and horizontal positioning is precisely controlled so as to maximize the return beam intensity. By optimizing the direction of the transmitted beam every 5–10 min, the change in aerosol extinction can be measured to an accuracy of better than 2×10−5 m−1 without interference from beam displacement due to the temperature change. This positioning method allows one to use relatively small detectors and optical components which are easier to operate and maintain when compared with the previous method for the long-path measurement. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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92.60.Mt Particles and aerosols
93.85.-q Instruments and techniques for geophysical research: Exploration geophysics
07.88.+y Instruments for environmental pollution measurements
42.62.Eh Metrological applications; optical frequency synthesizers for precision spectroscopy
92.60.Sz Air quality and air pollution
42.68.Jg Effects of aerosols
42.68.Ca Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases
42.68.Kh Effects of air pollution
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