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Apr 1935

Volume 6, Issue 4, pp. 89-132

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On the Cleaning of Surfaces

John Strong

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 6, 97 (1935); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751951 (2 pages) | Cited 28 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Apparatus for the Determination of Minute Quantities of Radium, Radon and Thoron in Solids, Liquids and Gases

Robley D. Evans

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 6, 99 (1935); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751952 (14 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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The radium content of ordinary materials is determined by removing and measuring the radon which is in equilibrium with the radium. I. Generalization of the direct fusion furnace method now permits the rapid and complete deemanation of any solid by direct boiling at 2000°C. II. Improved boiling apparatus for the removal of radon from liquids avoids loss of traces of radon by absorption. III. Gaseous samples, at atmospheric pressure, may be examined directly for radon. IV. Double ionization chambers, coupled to a high sensitivity string electrometer, permit observations on very feeble sources. Statistical fluctuations in the emission of contamination alpha‐rays from the ionization chamber walls impose a natural observational limit of 7.2×10−14(n)−☒ curies of radon, when the ionization currents are observed for n hours. V. Photographic recording of the ionization current, with hourly automatic recalibration of the electrometer at three arbitrary potentials, makes possible long runs and higher precision, particularly for weak sources. VI. Induction, null‐induction and ionization methods for the measurement of the electrostatic capacity of ionization chamber systems are described. VII. Caution is given against a spurious ionization, of unknown origin, occasionally observed in connection with radon tests. VIII. The flow method for the measurement of thoron is shown to be more applicable to liquid samples than to solids. Under normal operating conditions the emanating power of liquid samples is about 0.6. IX. Mean values of the radium content of certain classes of rocks, sea waters and organisms are given.

X‐Ray Reflectivity and Resolving Power of the (10⋅0) Planes of Etched Quartz Crystals

Lyman G. Parratt

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 6, 113 (1935); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751942 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Direct‐Current Amplifier Circuits for Use with the Electrometer Tube

D. B. Penick

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 6, 115 (1935); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751943 (6 pages) | Cited 62 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A number of balanced, single‐tube, direct‐current amplifier circuits are compared, which are applicable to the four‐element, low grid‐current vacuum tube. The balance equations are stated for the most generally useful circuit, and magnitudes of the tube characteristics involved are given for the Western Electric No. D‐96475 Tube. Experimentally determined values of circuit constants observed under balance conditions are also given. The stability of the circuit is discussed, and a convenient procedure for obtaining a balance by experimental methods is suggested.

A Circuit for the Analysis of Geiger‐Counter Pulses

W. E. Ramsey and M. R. Lipman

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 6, 121 (1935); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751944 (5 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A Linear Photoelectric Densitometer

Carl W. Miller

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 6, 125 (1935); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1751945 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A photoelectric densitometer is described which makes use of the remote cut‐off characteristic of a 58 type thermionic tube to give a meter reading which is very nearly proportional to density. Commercial alternating current is utilized throughout, resulting in a convenient and portable type of instrument. A method is described by which it can also be used to measure the blackness of opaque objects.
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