RSI Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter iResearch App Facebook

BROWSE VOLUMES

Year Range: 
Search Issue | RSS Feeds RSS
Previous Issue Next Issue

Sep 1977

Volume 48, Issue 9, pp. 1123-1229

Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page

Bent crystal spectrometer for solar x‐ray spectroscopy

C. G. Rapley, J. L. Culhane, L. W. Acton, R. C. Catura, E. G. Joki, and J. C. Bakke

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1123 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135211 (8 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A bent crystal Bragg spectrometer is described which provides continuous and simultaneous coverage for all x‐ray wavelengths within its spectral range. This instrument provides high spectral resolution but involves no precision crystal rocking or position encoding mechanisms and therefore may be highly ruggedized. Principles of operation are discussed and its application to solar x‐ray spectroscopy is described.
Show PACS
95.55.Ev Solar instruments
07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments
95.85.Nv X-ray

Low‐consumption atomic beam source

G. J. Witteveen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1131 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135212 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A sodium atom beam source is described in which those atoms which intercept the collimator surface are returned to the oven chamber, thus minimizing the total sodium consumption for a given collimated beam intensity.
Show PACS
07.77.-n Atomic, molecular, and charged-particle sources and detectors

Photo‐acoustic spectroscopy of solids

Allan Rosencwaig

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1133 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135213 (5 pages) | Cited 39 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A method is presented by which photo‐acoustic spectroscopy of solids may be performed. Criteria for the light sources, sample chambers, and data acquisition systems are discussed. The dependence of the photo‐acoustic signal on various experimental parameters is explored, and some of the applications of this new technique are discussed.
Show PACS
78.20.hb Piezo-optical, elasto-optical, acousto-optical, and photoelastic effects
42.15.Eq Optical system design

Wide bandwidth cross correlator

Bernard J. Leikind and Alan DeSilva

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1138 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135214 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An auto‐ or cross‐correlator based on modification of a dual‐trace sampling oscilloscope plug‐in has been built. The device, which operates over a broad frequency band from dc to over 2.5 GHz, generates an equivalent‐time correlogram in about 100 sec. This paper contains a description of the principle of the correlator, the details of the circuit changes required in the Tektronix equipment, and two examples of applications of the correlator.
Show PACS
07.50.Ek Circuits and circuit components

Current regulated sweep unit for superconducting solenoids

P. M. Everett

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1143 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135215 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A circuit is presented that controls a voltage programmable power supply and causes the current through a superconducting solenoid to vary either inversely or linearly with time. The circuit regulates the solenoid current and allows for a finite portion of the power supply current to shunt the solenoid.
Show PACS
85.25.-j Superconducting devices
07.50.Ek Circuits and circuit components

Cotton fiber specimen clamps for x‐ray angle—tensile measurements

R. S. Krowicki, S. Worley, and P. W. Elliott

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1146 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135216 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The specifications for clamps which can be used to obtain the x‐ray angle and tensile measurements of the same specimen of cotton fibers are presented. The tenacity of flat bundles of cotton fibers when these clamps are used is compared with that when Pressley clamps are used.
Show PACS
06.60.Ei Sample preparation (including design of sample holders)
81.70.-q Methods of materials testing and analysis

Determination of magnetic domain structure by Fraunhofer diffraction

Ralph R. Ruf and R. J. Gambino

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1149 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135206 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Ferrofluid decorated magnetic domain patterns diffract light like a diffraction grating. The resulting patterns are influenced by the size and structure of the individual domains providing a convenient measure of these properties.
Show PACS
75.70.Kw Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles and vortices)

Method for heat injection into a liquid

D. J. Shlien

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1152 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135207 (2 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A novel technique of heat injection into a liquid is presented. Advantages of the technique (based on direct ohmic heating) include the ease with which the apparatus can be set up and its simplicity of operation. Very small heat sources can be fabricated to closely approximate point sources.
Show PACS
66.25.+g Thermal conduction in nonmetallic liquids

Simple, pulsed, electron beam gun

C.A. Brau, J. L. Raybun, J. B. Dodge, and F. M. Gilman

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1154 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135208 (7 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The construction of a simple, inexpensive electron beam gun is described. The pulsed power supply consists of a homemade spiral generator, constructed with aluminum and vinyl pressure‐sensitive tapes, which is switched into the electron beam gun with a spark gap. The electron beam gun itself consists of a vacuum diode with a cold carbon cathode. From an inital charge voltage of 12 kV, the apparatus produces a 10‐A beam of 100‐keV electrons having a pulse duration of about 7 nsec and diameter of 6 mm.
Show PACS
41.75.Fr Electron and positron beams
84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables
84.30.Ng Oscillators, pulse generators, and function generators

Two multipurpose EPR cavities for applications between 1.6 and 1300 K

W. Berlinger and K. A. Müller

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1161 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135209 (8 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Two modular EPR cavities are described with which a temperature range from 1.6 to 1300 K is covered. They are widely applicable and permit normal solid‐state EPR experiments, as well as the application of electric field, in situ optical illumination, uniaxial stress, and ENDOR experiments.
Show PACS
07.57.Pt Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques
07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment
07.20.Ka High-temperature instrumentation; pyrometers

Mass spectrometer beam system for applications in the stratosphere

Konrad Mauersberger

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1169 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135210 (5 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Mass spectrometer investigations in the stratosphere require a special gas inlet system in order to reduce the high ambient pressures to ion source operating pressures. This paper describes a system where pressure reduction is achieved by differential pumping using high‐speed liquid helium pumps and small orifices. Ambient gas particles are formed into a molecular beam, with a flag mechanism allowing the separation of beam and background particles. Laboratory tests have shown that the system has the capability of identifying gases with abundances below 10−8. Many problems encountered in the gas analysis of trace constituents are reduced, such as adsorption and desorption processes of walls and memory effects of pumps.
Show PACS
92.60.H- Atmospheric composition, structure, and properties
07.75.+h Mass spectrometers

Control system for maintaining a Langmuir probe at plasma potential

J. L. Michau

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1174 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135217 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A closed‐loop system to maintain a Langmuir probe at plasma potential, and to follow its fluctuations up to a frequency of 1 kHz, has been developed for diagnostics of the ionospheric plasma. The modulation technique is utilized and the second harmonic component of an alternating current is detected and filtered by a lock‐in amplifier, to give the second‐derivative curve of the Langmuir characteristic. The zero crossing of this second‐derivative curve occurs at plasma potential, and it is used to provide an error signal which is applied, together with a steady bias voltage, to the probe. The values of the fluctuating current and of its first and second derivatives at plasma potential are directly available.
Show PACS
52.70.Ds Electric and magnetic measurements
94.20.Tt Ionospheric soundings; active experiments
07.07.Tw Servo and control equipment; robots

Derivation and testing of a model to calculate electrical shunting and leakage errors in sheathed thermocouples

M. J. Roberts and T. G. Kollie

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1179 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135218 (13 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A three‐wire transmission line model was derived to calculate temperature measurement errors caused by electrical shunting and leakage in metal sheathed, oxide insulated, compacted thermocouple assemblies. Input parameters for the model were measured and used to verify experimentally the validity of the model on a 0.5‐mm‐diam stainless steel sheathed, MgO insulated, Chromel/Alumel thermocouple assembly. When a 1.27‐m length of the assembly was heated to 1274 K, the errors due to shunting, calculated using the model, were 6.4% and 9.4% lower than the experimentally measured errors for theromocouple measuring junction temperatures of 273.2 and 371.5 K, respectively. With the 1.27‐m length heated to 1373 K, the errors due to shunting, calculated using the model, were 12.6% and 14.9% lower than the experimentally measured errors for measuring junction temperatures of 273.2 and 371.5 K, respectively. For a 1.27‐m length of the thermocouple assembly at 1274 K, the measuring junction at 273.2 K, and sheath currents of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mA, the error due to leakage, calculated using the model, was within 6% of the experimentally measured error. With the 1.27‐m length heated to 1373 K and all other conditions the same, the calculated error due to leakage was within 9.1% of the measured error. This paper describes the experimental apparatus and measurements, explains the method used to infer parameters from experimental measurements, presents the model, and derives the differential equations that describe the electrical phenomena. These equations are solved exactly for a uniform line. A fortran iv coded numerical solution for nonuniform lines is described. Several illustrative examples are presented to clarify the concepts involved in electrical shunting.
Show PACS
07.20.Dt Thermometers
85.80.Fi Thermoelectric devices

Bridge for differential tunneling spectroscopy

S. Colley and P. Hansma

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1192 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135219 (4 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Conventional, single junction inelastic electron tunneling spectra contain undesirable background structure due to the metal electrodes and the oxide layer. This structure can be minimized with a bridge that measures the difference between the tunneling spectra of doped and undoped junctions.
Show PACS
73.40.Gk Tunneling
73.40.Rw Metal-insulator-metal structures
63.20.-e Phonons in crystal lattices

Modified technique for dynamic surface pressure and relaxation measurements at the air–water interface

S. A. Tabak and R. H. Notter

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1196 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135220 (6 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A modified Wilhelmy surface balance design is presented which permits the use of both ’’dam’’ and ’’ribbon’’ compression barriers in the measurement of surface pressure behavior. Both kinds of barrier are interchangeable in a single‐surface balance trough, and this allows utilization of the strong points of each. Both barrier designs give rise to a linear surface area change upon compression, although the recessed dam barrier results in a more regularly shaped surface. The ribbon barrier, on the other hand, gives a completely contained surface free from barrier leakage artifacts. The utility of both barrier designs is demonstrated by dynamic surface pressure–area (π‐A) and relaxation experiments on dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL) monolayers at 23 and 37 °C. The dual barrier design is shown to optimize the potential for the unambiguous interpretation of dynamic surface pressure measurements for this highly important component of pulmonary surfactant.
Show PACS
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces

Use of minicomputer for measuring kinetics over many orders of magnitude in time

M. Sharrock

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1202 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135221 (5 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Procedures are described for using an on‐line computer to acquire and process digital data from a kinetic experiment in such a way that final data points are evenly spaced on a logarithmic time scale and the signal‐to‐noise ratio can be optimized. This arrangement is particularly suited for recording processes where changes occur over many decades of time. Emphasis is on techniques that can be used with a minimum of additional expense and programming sophistication. Some general considerations regarding sampling rate and electrical filtering are discussed.
Show PACS
82.20.-w Chemical kinetics and dynamics
07.05.Hd Data acquisition: hardware and software
07.05.Kf Data analysis: algorithms and implementation; data management
07.05.Rm Data presentation and visualization: algorithms and implementation
07.05.-t Computers in experimental physics
87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)

Modification of a commercial admittance bridge to measure large conductances

John G. Berberian

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1207 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135222 (5 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The modification of the commercial General Radio 1615 admittance bridge to measure high conductances is presented in detail. The restriction of limited phase angle at constant resolution in either component of admittance is removed by this modification. In addition to increasing the conductance range by a factor of 100 over the original specification, the conductance circuitry has been arranged to permit a ten‐to‐one internal comparison between the conductance standards. When the voltage scaling transformer is used, a maximum conductance of 11.11 mmho can be measured at somewhat reduced accuracy. Design criteria for the conductance unit’s construction are presented. The usable frequency of the instrument is extended from 10 to 100 kHz, and data reflecting the accuracy of measurements of conductances are presented.
Show PACS
07.50.-e Electrical and electronic instruments and components
07.55.-w Magnetic instruments and components

Versatile multicontact thin‐film superconducting switch

T. F. Finnegan and L. B. Holdeman

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1212 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135223 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A versatile mechanical superconducting switch which is suitable for use in various cryoelectronics applications has been developed. The switch design utilizes thin films for compactness and proximity layers of gold to prevent contact oxidation. A prototype four‐pole, four‐position switch is described in detail.
Show PACS
84.32.Dd Connectors, relays, and switches
85.25.-j Superconducting devices

Simple closure for high pressures and low temperatures

W. Goedegebuure, J. A. Schouten, and N. J. Trappeniers

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1213 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135224 (2 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A new seal is described which can be used at pressures up to 15 kilobar.
Show PACS
07.35.+k High-pressure apparatus; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells
07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment
FREE

Comment on the equivalent noise bandwidth approximation

Peter Kittel

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1214 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135225 (2 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
There is an ambiguity when the equivalent noise bandwidth (ENBW) is used to calculate the response to noise of an ac voltmeter. This difficulty can be overcome by a more complete definition of the ENBW.
Show PACS
84.30.Bv Circuit theory

Simple goniometer for precise grinding and electropolishing of single crystal surfaces

J. F. Wendelken, S. P. Withrow, and C. A. Foster

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1215 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135226 (2 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A simple goniometer, which can be used to rigidly support a crystal in a precise orientation through all phases of surface preparation, including mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical polishing, is described.
Show PACS
81.10.Aj Theory and models of crystal growth; physics and chemistry of crystal growth, crystal morphology, and orientation
06.60.Ei Sample preparation (including design of sample holders)
81.65.-b Surface treatments

Improved microchannel plate performance with a resistive anode encoder

J. L. Wiza, P. R. Henkel, and R. L. Roy

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1217 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135227 (2 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Performance of microchannel plates in the high‐gain chevron configuration has been improved by the addition of an interplate voltage VB. For VB=100 V, and positive ion excitation, the output electron distribution FWHM decreased from 166% to 97%. Using a resistive anode encoder (RAE) readout, and 1216‐Å uv excitation, we observed a corresponding spatial resolution improvement of 16%.
Show PACS
85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)

Low‐noise circuitry for low‐temperature NMR and SQUIDs

Mark S. Conradi and Carl M. Edwards

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1219 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135228 (2 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A method of coupling the low‐temperature induction coil of an NMR or SQUID system to a preamplifier is proposed. This method greatly reduces the Johnson noise generated by line losses. A suitable 9‐K noise‐temperature GaAs FET, liquid nitrogen cooled preamplifier is described. The coupling scheme and preamplifier will yield a spectrometer with a noise temperature near 15 K.
Show PACS
07.50.Ek Circuits and circuit components
85.25.-j Superconducting devices
07.57.Pt Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques

Piston gauge weight handler

Harry Davis

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1220 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135205 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An electromechanical hydraulic lift has been developed and subsequently used to load and unload weight stacks from precision piston gauges without affecting the reliability or the operation of these gauges.
Show PACS
06.60.-c Laboratory procedures
07.35.+k High-pressure apparatus; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells

Improved emission control for the MRC electron beam zone refiner

G. N. Kamm

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 48, 1222 (1977); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1135229 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 August 2008

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Greatly improved emission current regulation can be obtained for the beam filament in MRC electron beam zone refiners by replacing the existing magnetic amplifier regulator by a programmable electronically regulated dc power supply and an operational amplifier control circuit. This yields much longer filament lifetimes with less contamination of the specimen and permits delicate crystal growing operations not otherwise possible.
Show PACS
81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining
07.50.Ek Circuits and circuit components
41.75.Fr Electron and positron beams
Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page
Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Go to AIP Home   © AIP Publishing LLC
close