RSI Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter iResearch App Facebook

SECTION LISTING

BROWSE VOLUMES

Year Range: 
Search Issue | RSS Feeds RSS
Previous Issue Next Issue

May 1972

Volume 43, Issue 5, pp. 723-840

Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page

A Frequency Swept Injection Locked Nuclear Induction Spectrometer with Signal Averaging

Melvin Linzer

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 723 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685740 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A frequency sweep injection locking technique, suitable for signal averaging and fast passage studies, has been developed for use with a nuclear induction spectrometer.

Tubular Fast Flow Reactor for High Temperature Gas Kinetic Studies

Arthur Fontijn, Shelby C. Kurzius, James J. Houghton, and John A. Emerson

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 726 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685741 (5 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A fast flow reactor suitable for gas kinetic studies at temperatures up to ≈2000 K is described. The reactor has been used in studies of the reactions of atomic Fe and Na with O2, for which performance data are given.

Refinements to a Standard LEED‐Auger System for the Analysis of Electron Emission at Low Primary Beam Energies

D. K. Skinner and R. F. Willis

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 731 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685742 (4 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Refinements to a basic three‐grid LEED‐Auger system are described which permit a more detailed analysis to be made of the electron emission from solids at low primary beam energies. This is accomplished by (i) cross modulation of electron gun and analyzer grids for suppression of unwanted signal, (ii) improving the collector efficiency for low energy electrons, and (iii) recording the second derivative of the energy distribution curve.

A Photon Counting Apparatus for Kinetic and Spectral Measurements

R. Z. Bachrach

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 734 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685743 (4 pages) | Cited 56 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An apparatus is described for spectral and time response measurements in luminescent materials using photon counting techniques. The system's most novel feature is its ability to switch rapidly between spectral and kinetic modes. Using the delayed coincidence method, with its excellent sensitivity, the kinetic measurements can be made easily with bandpasses as small as 0.5 meV. The system uses laser excitation pulsed by an acousto‐optic modulator (3 nsec 1∕e time) and for very fast measurements, mode locked pulses are used (0.25 nsec wide). Luminescent time decays from 1 nsec to 80 μsec can be obtained. The delayed coincident technique has been adapted to provide time resolved spectra with small time windows (<10 nsec) in the same range.

A High Pressure Optical Cell for Study of Biochemical Solutions

Thomas Papanek and Thomas L. Fabry

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 738 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685744 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
This paper will describe the construction and use of an optical cell for spectrographic studies of biochemical solutions under pressures up to 4080 atm. Data from such studies of myoglobin will also be presented. The optical cell described incorporates the following design features: It is a monoblock configuration comprising both a pressure intensifier and an optical portion; the sample contacts only glass and paraffin; the cell interfaces easily with spectrophotometric equipment commonly used in biochemistry; it is relatively easy to operate and survives repeated use; it is constructed of a material not previously used for this application.

An Optical Thickness Monitor for Thin Film Vacuum Deposition Control

R. T. Kampwirth

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 740 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685745 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An optical thickness monitoring device is described which utilizes simple mechanical construction and integrated circuit electronics to achieve a system which is easy to align, accurate, and highly reliable.

A Dilatometer for Volume‐Temperature Determinations of Liquids

James E. Rothman, Donald L. Melchior, and Harold J. Morowitz

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 743 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685746 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An instrument is described for the continuous volume measurement of small (3.7 ml) samples of liquids as a function of temperature. The sample is sealed in a stainless steel bellows chamber. Volume changes are measured with a linear variable differential transformer while temperature is measured by means of a thermistor and associated circuitry. Volume changes of sample can be determined to better than 1.0×10−4 ml over a temperature range of 10–60°C. The maximum sample volume change is 7%.

A Method for Studying Distribution Function Evolution during Wave‐Particle Interactions

M. Murakami and L. M. Lidsky

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 746 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685747 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A gated electrostatic trap has been developed that enables experimental observation of the time evolution of particle distribution functions for a wide range of wave‐particle interactions. The technique entails trapping of an electron beam in a region where arbitrary wave fields are set up and the analysis of the perturbed distribution function after an arbitrary interaction time.

A Uniaxial Stress Apparatus

D. G. Seiler and F. Addington

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 749 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685748 (5 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A detailed description is given of the design and construction of a new type of uniaxial stress apparatus that is based on the use of a rotating cam to transmit the stress to the sample. The apparatus can be used at low temperatures and in large magnetic fields. Some preliminary data (for stress values up to ∼7.6 kilobar, the highest value yet reported for InSb) on the effect of stress on the frequency of magnetophonon oscillations in n‐InSb at 77 K are presented.

A 1∕H Drive for Use with Superconducting Solenoids

P. M. Everett

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 753 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685749 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A circuit is presented that can be used with nearly all superconducting solenoid magnet systems to sweep the magnetic field such that equal intervals in the inverse of the field are progressed in each instant of time. The circuit produces a programming voltage that controls the total power supply current. The ideal situation of the resistanceless solenoid shunted by the virtually inductanceless persistent mode switch causes the programming voltage to assume a particularly simple form.

Use of Fiber Optics in the Study of Chemiluminescent Reactions

Robert L. Brown

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 756 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685750 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The use of stationary light pipes and a stationary detector to measure light decay along a tube in a steady state flow system is described. This method exhibits a number of advantages over that of moving the detector. A means of calibrating the transmission of the light pipes in situ by using the properties of the yellow nitrogen afterglow is discussed. The high degree of spatial resolution achievable by this technique should make it especially suitable for studies of small flames and discharges.

Noise Suppression by Time Exposure Oscilloscope Photography

G. S. Huchital and M. Young

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 759 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685751 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
We describe a simple and inexpensive means of enhancing repetitive signals obscured by noise with roughly equal amplitude. The signal and noise are displayed on an oscilloscope, and we perform a time average over many traces by time exposure photography. If the oscilloscope triggering is synchronous with the signal, the result is a significant suppression of the offending noise.

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer for Protein Research

Alfred G. Redfield and Charles Moleski

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 760 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685752 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A simple magnetometer for use with weakly paramagnetic frozen solutions is described. It uses the same superconducting coil for generating the field and detecting the vibrating magnetization. A nearly translationally invariant sample holder and low frequency vibration of large amplitude are advantageous. In a sample volume of 0.7 ml, 2×10−7 moles of a species having a single g=2, s=☒ spin produces a signal reproducibly different from that of pure water, when the temperature is varied from 77 to 2 K.

A Method for Precise Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of Liquids in a Wide Frequency Range

Akira Kakimoto

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 763 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685753 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A rapid precise method for measurement of the dielectric constant of liquids in a wide frequency range is described. Using a micrometer‐controlled electrode in a cell filled with the specimen liquid, the dielectric constant is precisely determined from the micrometer scale to within ±0.2%. Even though the cell is two‐terminal, this method is nearly free of the influence of the stray capacitances and the residual inductances of the electrodes or of the leads. It makes possible an accurate measurement at high frequency. Once the micrometer scale calibration has been done, it takes only a few minutes for the measurement. The measured frequency responses of the dielectric constants of several compounds are also shown in this paper.

Pulsed‐Current Control and Measurement System for Precision Microcalorimetry

Harrison B. Albert

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 766 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685754 (9 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Instrumentation for heat measurement in differential microcalorimetry is described in sufficient detail so the electronic apparatus can be built and used reliably with various calorimeters. Theory and calibration techniques are explained for calculating endothermic and exothermic heats from indicated digital data for reaction calorimetry and temperature scan calorimetry (including DTA). The cooler of twin calorimeter cells is heated electrically to counteract thermal effects of the system being measured. This heating is by pulses of current, all identical, whose rate of occurrence is controlled proportionally to the small residual intercell temperature gradient; counting pulses gives heat indication directly as numbers. The heat per pulse is known accurately, and the pulsed (indicated) heat is related to effects of the system under study; the relation is by a constant, near unity factor (such as 1.010) which can be calculated using easily measured calorimeter parameters. The factor is constant because heating is proportional to the residual temperature gradient, and differs from unity because of heat conduction through that gradient. Over‐all accuracy, experimentally confirmed, exceeds 0.1% and depends on well‐standardized electrical measurements, so calorimetric calibrations are not needed with calorimeters of known material capacity. Pulses, 16.666 msec long, occur at rates up to 30∕sec and have switch‐selected amplitudes from 0.02 to 640 μcal per pulse (60 Ω heater). Equipment design includes devices for routine tests to detect component deterioration before it has become serious.

Rapid Response Flow Microcalorimeter

Stanley J. Gill and Yeong‐jgi (Norman) Chen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 774 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685755 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A flow microcalorimeter with rapid response (20 sec) and high sensitivity (10−8 μcal∕sec detectability) is described. The design of the instrument permits easy construction. The operating temperature is determined by a liquid thermostat bath that can be set as desired. Typical test results are described.

A Versatile Method for Digitizing the Information on Oscilloscope Photographs

G. E. Busch, R. P. Jones, M. R. Topp, and P. M. Rentzepis

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 777 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685756 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A simple and inexpensive technique is presented whereby the analog data on a photograph obtained in standard oscilloscope experiments may be digitized. The automatic system is much faster than manual digitizing when a large number of data points must be analyzed. It is also versatile enough to allow several levels of sophistication, depending on individual requirements of speed, accuracy, and expense.

A Laser Flash Technique for Determining Thermal Diffusivity of Liquid Metals at Elevated Temperatures

J. T. Schriempf

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 781 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685757 (6 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The laser flash technique has been frequently employed in many laboratories as a relatively fast and easy technique of modest accuracy for measuring the thermal diffusivity of solids at ordinary and elevated temperatures. We have refined this technique and extended it to measurements of the thermal diffusivities of liquid metals. In both solid and liquid metallic specimens we have found, on both experimental and theoretical grounds, that the accuracy of the results is very sensitive to the degree of uniformity of the laser pulse. By introducing appropriate optics between the laser and the specimen we have been able to obtain a very uniform laser pulse and thus considerably enhance the accuracy of our measurements. In particular in measuring the thermal diffusivity of liquid mercury at temperatures from 13 to 300°C the difference between our values and values derived from published results of steady state measurements was never more than 5%. A cinematographic study of the impact of the laser beam on the surface of the liquid mercury was also carried out.

The Movable‐Junction Stationary‐Lead Thermocouple

E. G. Murdock and E. H. McLaren

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 787 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685758 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The construction and use of two special platinum∕platinum‐rhodium thermocouples are described. One type of movable‐junction stationary‐lead thermocouple allows a substantial increase in the accuracy attainable in temperature gradient measurements in both fixed point (0–1100°C) and low gradient (<1°C) zones over that possible with the conventional standard thermocouple, by circumventing the systematic error arising from the interaction of the variable thermopower of unavoidably inhomogeneous thermoelement wires with the entrance temperature gradient in the throat of a furnace. The second form of the movable‐junction couple permits the accurate determination of the immersion characteristics of each thermoelement of a couple in fixed point environments and therefore provides a ready means of measuring and studying the separate effects of cold‐working, quenching, heat‐treating, gaseous environment, etc., on the thermal emf of both the unit couple and its constituent elements.

Correction of Single Photon or Particle Timing Measurements for Multiparticle Events

David E. Donohue and Richard C. Stern

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 791 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685759 (6 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
In particle time of flight or photon timing measurements, usually only the first event can be timed. An algorithm is derived which uses the measured distribution of first arrivals and a measured or assumed distribution of events per sweep to generate the desired distribution of all arrivals. The theory is shown to work at all values of the average count rate per sweep by comparison with computer simulated experiments. It is found that the optimum recovery of information at long times occurs at an average count rate per sweep of 1.

Rotational Temperature Measurement in Nitrogen Using Raman Spectroscopy

R. S. Hickman and L. H. Liang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 796 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685760 (4 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The rotational temperatures at pressures near 1 atm have been successfully measured in pure nitrogen. The precision available, even with unsophisticated instruments, is adequate to allow local temperatures to be measured in a flowing gas with virtually no disturbance of the flowfield. Using a double monochromator and including the flowfield within the laser cavity would increase the signal and decrease scattered light.

Method for Shock Wave Investigation of Magnetic Material

D. E. Grady

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 800 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685761 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An experimental method developed for investigation of shock induced demagnetization in yttrium iron garnet is reported. The method was found reliable and quite easy to implement. It has the potential of being a useful experimental tool for further investigation of magnetic properties in shock wave studies.

In‐Line High Vacuum Conductance Valve for Shock Tubes

R. S. Hickman and Jerry W. Suitor

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 804 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685762 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A simple but highly efficient valve for shock tube evacuation is described. It is constructed as part of the shock tube with a diffusion pump attached beneath. When closed, the valve becomes part of the shock tube. When opened, the shock tube is evacuated to the attached pump. Results are presented to show improved pump‐down time and ultimate pressure.
back to top
RSS Feeds

A Simple Recording Thickness Gauge

Robert E. Evans

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 806 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685763 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An account is given of the construction and operation of a device which allows an Instron universal testing machine to produce a continuous autographic record of thickness or contour of specimens and small parts. This device has proven useful in the nondestructive measurement of irregular cross sections.

Noise Figure Rating for Marginal Oscillators

Rodney A. Brooks

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43, 807 (1972); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1685764 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 4 November 2003

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The concept of noise figure is extended to marginal oscillators, devices which are commonly used in nuclear resonance experiments for detecting small changes in coil Q. This permits the absolute sensitivity of the circuit to be evaluated, without regard to extraneous factors, such as coil Q and sample material. The method is illustrated by applying it to a new FET oscillator built for use in a low temperature nuclear resonance thermometer.
Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page
Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Go to AIP Home   © AIP Publishing LLC
close