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Dec 1933

Volume 4, Issue 12, pp. 637-702

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The Absorption of Sound

Vern O. Knudsen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 637 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749047 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Absorption Measurements of the Cosmic Radiation

Thomas H. Johnson

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 639 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749048 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Pressure Against a Metal Plate in a Plasma

Karl K. Darrow

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 641 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749049 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A Ring‐Target X‐Ray Generator Adapted to Scattering, Fluorescence and Irradiation Experiments

Paul Kirkpatrick and P. A. Ross

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 645 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749050 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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An x‐ray generator is described which is especially adapted to the production of strong scattered and fluorescent x‐rays. Geometrical conditions are well suited to the study of spectra of scattered radiation. The essential novelty of the apparatus is a ring‐shaped target 3 inches in diameter. Sample spectra are presented.

Air Ionization Chamber for Measuring Low Voltage X‐Ray Intensities in Roentgens

Fred M. Uber

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 649 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749051 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A detailed structural design of a parallel plate ionization chamber for measuring low voltage x‐ray intensities in roentgens is described. Intended for use in dosage‐meters where stability and simplicity are important factors, it permits the entire apparatus to be housed in a single cabinet without external accessories. Air absorption corrections are made directly and conveniently.

Improvements in the 21‐Foot Normal Incidence Vacuum Spectrograph

George R. Harrison

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 651 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749052 (5 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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The twenty‐one foot normal incidence vacuum spectrograph previously described by the writer has been improved by the provision of 30,000 line per inch glass and speculum gratings in addition to the 15,000 line per inch grating previously used, and by the installation of a simpler and much more rapid pumping system. The previous range of 2000 to 1000A has been extended so that the instrument can be used from 6000 to 300A, and orders up to and including the sixth have been photographed, giving dispersions ranging between 2.72A/mm and 0.22A/mm with the advantages of an almost normal spectrum. When a constant value for the dispersion is used over a 16 inch plate the correction factor seldom exceeds 0.3A. The errors introduced when Rowland's method of coincidences is used with these Wood gratings appear to be much less than 0.01A. Wave‐lengths of numerous lines of the hot‐spark spectra of copper and nickel, and of the high frequency discharge spectra of argon and neon, have been measured with the instrument, and the accuracy of many of the measurements appears to be in the neighborhood of ±0.005A. The resolving power thus far attained, while still below the theoretical limit of the gratings, is far above that previously claimed for this region. Instead of the four four‐stage mercury condensation pumps previously used, a single steel oil condensation pump of eight inch internal diameter is used, together with a trap in which either solid CO2 or circulating tap water can be used as refrigerant. All high vacuum connections are of 8 inch steel tubing, and a satisfactory stopcock of this bore has been constructed. A new type of vacuum gate for installation between the main spectrograph body and the camera box is described. A vacuum of about 2×10−4 mm is found sufficient to photograph the complete spectrum covered by the instrument without appreciable absorption in the optical path of 42 feet; a higher vacuum can be obtained in the tube quite readily.

An Apparatus for the Growth of Metal Single Crystals

Maurice F. Hasler

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 656 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749053 (5 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A simple crystal growing apparatus is described which allows the production of very uniform single crystalline rods of low melting point metals. The crystals may be produced in any desired gas atmosphere or in a vacuum. Any orientation of crystal to rod may be obtained by a simple seeding procedure.

A Method for Realizing the Full Amplification Factor of High Mu Tubes

Otto H. A. Schmitt

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 661 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749054 (4 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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In order to utilize even 25 percent of the theoretical amplification factor of high mu tubes, it is necessary to use a plate load resistance and plate potential too high to be practical. By the use of a dummy tube in the plate circuit, however, one can obtain a resistance characteristic which makes it possible to attain the full amplification of 1500–2500 per stage for the ``57'' tube using only 300–600 volts plate supply. Output voltages as great as 450 volts are attainable with negligible distortion.

On Balanced d.c. Amplifying Circuits

Louis A. Turner

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 665 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749055 (7 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Three different circuits for use with a single vacuum tube in order to balance out effects of fluctuations of the e.m.f. of the plate battery are described. The theory of the circuits is worked out and the expressions for the galvanometer current given. The circuit in which the stability of balance depends upon the constancy of the amplification factor, μ, is found to be the most stable. A modified two tube circuit operating on this principle is suggested.

A Vacuum‐Tube Voltmeter with Logarithmic Response

Frederick V. Hunt

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 672 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749056 (4 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A new vacuum‐tube voltmeter which has a response proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage is described. The operation of the device is based upon the distortion of the plate‐current wave form occurring in a tube of the ``variable‐mu'' type, and upon the use of a diode rectifier to select only that portion of the wave which has been ``compressed'' by the curvature of the tube characteristic. The elementary circuit may be cascaded for extension of the range of input voltage over which the response is logarithmic. The speed of response of the device to changes in signal intensity is practically unlimited, and the frequency fidelity is only slightly inferior to that of a comparable impedance‐coupled amplifier designed for the same frequency band. Commercially available tubes are used throughout.

A More Sensitive Design of the Geiger‐Müller Counter

Trevor R. Cuykendall

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 676 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749057 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Lacquer‐Coated Resistors

L. F. Curtiss

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 679 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749058 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A compact form of resistor of high resistance, consisting of graphite on Pyrex, sealed in glyptal lacquer, which has been found very satisfactory is described. Resistors of this type with a resistance of 108 to 1012 ohms may be made with comparative ease. They are not appreciably affected by changes of temperature or of humidity. Their small size renders them useful where economy of space is essential.

Torsion Magnetometer for Thin Ferromagnetic Specimens

H. N. Otis

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 681 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749059 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A Differential‐Gear Speed Controller

William D. Lansing

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 684 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749060 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A speed controller for a direct‐current motor has been constructed, operating on the principle of the differential gear. It has been found that the speed of the direct‐current motor is controlled by this arrangement with about the same degree of accuracy as the regulation of the frequency of the controlled‐frequency a.c. power line which serves as a standard.

The Electrolysis of Sodium Through Pyrex Glass

Eugene W. Pike

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 687 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749061 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A method for introducing gas‐free sodium into a vacuum tube by electrolysis through Pyrex glass is described.

Temperature Coefficient of the Elastic Moduli of Spring Materials Used in Instrument Design

W. G. Brombacher

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 688 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749062 (5 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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A summary is presented of the values obtained by various observers of the temperature coefficients of the modulus of rigidity and Young's modulus of elasticity for the metals and alloys of possible usefulness in the construction of the elastic members of instruments. The composition of each material is given and also the condition of heat treatment or cold work. Much of the data is the result of recent work at the Bureau of Standards.

ABSTRACTS OF INSTRUMENTS LITERATURE

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 693 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749063 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Member Societies

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 700 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749064 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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Notes

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 4, 700 (1933); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1749065 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 December 2004

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