RSI Nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Flickr Twitter iResearch App Facebook

SECTION LISTING

BROWSE VOLUMES

Year Range: 
Search Issue | RSS Feeds RSS
Previous Issue Next Issue

Mar 1963

Volume 34, Issue 3, pp. 221-315

Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page

High Voltage Pulse Measuring System Based on Kerr Effect

S. Y. Ettinger and A. C. Venezia

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 221 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718316 (4 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The voltage measuring system described in this current paper is based on the electro‐optical Kerr effect, viz, variations in the voltage magnitude will result in respective changes in the intensity of a light beam passing through the Kerr cell perpendicularly to the applied field. The proposed measuring system has the advantages of a fast response of the Kerr effect substance to the application of voltage transients‐better than 2×10−8 sec; and also high voltage pulses, with peak magnitude of the order of 105 V, may be applied directly across the cell. The complete separation of the measuring circuit from the pulse circuit eliminates the electric noise from reaching the measuring circuit without any screening of this circuit. However, its major limitation is that the recorded pulse has the ``rectified'' form of the original pulse waveform.

Automatic Neutron Diffractometer for Three‐Dimensional Structure‐Factor Determination

U. W. Arndt and B. T. M. Willis

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 224 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718317 (7 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
This fully automatic single‐crystal diffractometer employs the Eulerian hoop geometry. It is under punchedtape control and the three independent shafts are set simultaneously for each reflection to an accuracy of 0.03° using a moiré fringe positioning system. The reflection is then measured by moving the crystal in steps across the reflecting position. The time on each step is variable, being determined by a monitoring counter, and the number of steps is under program control. Results are both printed in plain language and punched on a paper tape, ready for direct processing in a computer.

Automatic Plotting Device for the Second Derivative of Langmuir Probe Curves

G. R. Branner, E. M. Friar, and G. Medicus

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 231 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718318 (7 pages) | Cited 72 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
An electronic device for automatically plotting the second derivative of probe curves is described in detail. A small sinusoidal signal is superimposed on the dc probe voltage which is swept manually. The second harmonic in the probe current is filtered, amplified by a low noise cascode amplifier, rectified by a phase‐true rectifier, and plotted by an X‐Y recorder. The components, the critical points in their wiring, and the performance of the system are described. A quantitative comparison is made with related devices. The system described here is somewhat simpler than the competing ones and has the advantage of being applicable to the first and the third derivatives as well.

Frequency‐Swept and Proton‐Stabilized NMR Spectrometer for all Nuclei Using a Frequency Synthesizer

Edward B. Baker and L. W. Burd

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 238 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718319 (6 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The high‐resolution proton‐stabilized, and frequency‐swept spectrometer of Baker and Burd was limited to proton spectra. A modification of this instrument suitable for all magnetic nuclei is described, based upon the use of a Rhode and Schwarz frequency synthesizer. This modification provides generation and detection of an unmodulated signal at the frequency of another nuclear species, while retaining the features of proton stabilization and precalibration on a frequency scale of the older instrument. Frequency scans from 10 cps to 2 kc may be shifted in precise increments by means of crystal oscillators and the lock‐on features of the synthesizer. In going from one nuclear species to another, ratios of magnetogyric ratios are given automatically to high precision. Examples of spectra are given.

Two Synthesizer Nuclear Spin Decoupling; INDOR Spectroscopy

Edward B. Baker, L. W. Burd, and G. N. Root

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 243 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718320 (4 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A proton‐stabilized, frequency‐swept, high resolution NMR spectrometer using a frequency synthesizer was described previously by E. B. Baker and L. W. Burd. The addition of a second synthesizer and suitable power amplification allows a variety of nuclear spin decoupling experiments to be carried out with any pair of nuclear species, including INDOR experiments. For INDOR experiments a dispersion signal lock‐on provides extra stability for resting on the peak of a very sharp absorption line. A P31 INDOR spectrum of trimethyl phosphite is shown as an example.

Inexpensive 50 000 Pictures Per Second Framing Camera

J. Wadsworth and F. E. Stokes

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 247 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718321 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A framing camera has been built based upon a very simple image multiplier. The image multiplier consisted of two layers of ¼‐in.‐diam glass rod (glass blowers' cane) crossed at right angles. At each intersection a real image of the event was produced. A 6×6 in. image multiplier produced some 576 separate images of the event. A transfer lens allowed these images to be projected on to a sheet of 8×10 in. film. A Nipkov disk was used to scan the image multiplier to produce a framing sequence up to a rate of 50 000 pictures∕sec. It was considered that this framing rate could easily be extended beyond 106 pictures∕sec using a Jacob's optical focal plane shutter. The camera has the faults of parallax and optical distortion, but in the present application of the camera these are minimized by using a grid stationed at the event. It is considered that the camera is superior to those based upon image dissection devices. The camera was designed to be continuously available for approximately 3 msec, and was fitted with a crudely synchronized shut‐off shutter to prevent overwriting when used in the present application.

Transistorized Electrometer Voltmeter

Howard H. Rogers

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 250 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718322 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A completely transistorized direct current electrometer voltmeter with an input impedance greater than 108 Ω, the accuracy and stability of which is virtually independent of moderate changes in transistor characteristics, has been developed. The high input impedance was attained because transistors with high current gain at very low collector currents are now available.

Experimental Investigation on the Limits of Time Resolution of Scintillation Counters

W. Bartl and P. Weinzierl

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 252 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718323 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The widths of the time‐resolution curves of scintillation counters (Philips 56 AVP, plastic, and stilbene scintillators) are measured as a function of the height at which the timing pulse is derived from the rising edge of the scintillation pulse. A very small fraction of this leading edge is used to create a timing signal in a biased two‐stage limiter circuit. The arrangement agrees closely with a timing method discussed by Gatti and Svelto and the results are compared to their theoretical predictions.

Variable‐Path Magnetic Ion Buncher

R. C. Mobley

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 256 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718324 (9 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Following a previously proposed method for producing short intense monoenergetic ion bunches, a complete variable‐path magnetic ion buncher was constructed. Tests in 1958 showed that bunching did occur, but available ion beam intensity and instrumental resolution were too low for detailed measurements at that time. Reconstruction of the available accelerator to give a high current (≥100 μA), well‐focused ion beam, and correspondingly high resolution pulse measuring equipment permitted meaningful resumption of testing by late 1960. Bunching performance in accordance with design predictions was then observed. Measurements with ☒‐MeV protons indicated pulse lengths ≤1 mμsec, peak currents ≥4 mA, and a bunching ratio of ≥40. Average bunched current was >30 μA. Although tested with ☒‐MeV protons, the design permits operation with protons or deuterons to more than 1 MeV. Bunching is accomplished by deflecting successive portions of a continuous monoenergetic ion beam from an electrostatic accelerator over progressively shorter paths between foci of a multifocusing 103° deflection magnet in a manner such that all ions come together essentially simultaneously at one focal point in high intensity short duration ion pulses. Sinusoidal electrostatic deflection at 8.8 Mc, linearized by cylindrical electrostatic lenses, or through harmonic synthesis, provides the required sweep.

Design of Low Voltage Electron Guns

J. Arol Simpson and C. E. Kuyatt

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 265 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718325 (4 pages) | Cited 47 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
It is shown that by use of a multistage technique in which electrons are drawn from a cathode by a high potential and decelerated to the required final energy, guns can be designed capable of forming beams in which the current is limited only by space charge in the beam itself. The design principles and procedures are given and illustrated by two examples of electron guns giving highly collimated beams and operating at energies of 30 and 500 eV. The measured currents obtained are somewhat greater than the space charge limited beam maximum because of ion neutralization.

Quartz Crystal Thermometer for Measuring Temperature Deviations in the 10−3 to 10−6 °C Range

W. L. Smith and W. J. Spencer

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 268 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718326 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Measurement of temperature deviations in the 10−3 to 10−6°C range has been made, using a specially designed 5‐Mc quartz crystal unit. The crystal unit consists of a 5° Y‐cut crystal plate in a glass bulb. The oscillator is a Pierce‐type transistor circuit similar to those presently in use in ground station frequency standards. The crystal units have a temperature‐frequency coefficient of approximately 80 parts per 106∕°C. The crystal Q is of the order of 3 million, and the oscillator has a short time stability of 3 pp 1010, giving a temperature sensitivity of 3.8×10−6°C for periods of the order of 10 sec. To measure temperature deviations of a few microdegrees requires the ability to measure frequency deviations of a few parts in 1010. However, to measure temperature deviations of a few tenths of a millidegree, it is necessary only to measure frequency deviations of a few parts in 108.

High Temperature Furnace with a Sharp Temperature Gradient

J. Lewis and S. Huang

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 271 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718327 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
A high temperature furnace with a sharp temperature gradient has been designed and constructed. A maximum temperature gradient of 2550°F∕in. was obtained. The versatility of this design may permit many uses in materials research. Its capability of growing a silicon‐iron single crystal was demonstrated.

Response of Semiconductor Detectors to Fission Fragments

H. C. Britt and H. E. Wegner

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 274 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718328 (4 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Measurements with a Cf252 spontaneous fission source have shown that semiconductor detectors exhibit a pulse‐height defect for fission fragments, and that this defect is greater for the low‐energy, heavy‐mass group than for the high‐energy, light‐mass group. It has also been shown that the defect decreases with increasing bias voltage or average electric field strength within the depletion region. However, for a given electric field strength, the defect was found to be approximately independent of the type and resistivity of the detector. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the pulse‐height defect arises from an inability to collect all of the hole‐electron pairs in the dense plasma produced by an energetic fission fragment.

Inductance Potentiometer Measuring Piezo‐Susceptibility

S. Broersma

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 277 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718329 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
The para‐ and ferromagnetic susceptibility has been determined at 500 bar hydrostatic pressure by placing a hollow Delrin rod with sample and oil inside a mutual inductance device. In a single test case the plastic and O‐ring connections could withstand 1000 bar pressure. The effect of a displacement of the sample by the pressure is diminished by using secondary coils containing a light middle section and two heavy end sections. The actual potentiometer consists of a small resistance in series with the primary coil shunted by resistance decade boxes as voltage divider. This provides a linear scale. Three of these dividers are connected through a large resistor, for the loss voltage, or a small condenser, for the induced voltage, to a fixed but adjustable resistance in series with the secondary coils. The three bridges are placed in parallel. The sensitivity of the mutual inductance potentiometer is 3 μμH. Ferric polysaccharides with a mass susceptibility ranging from (230 to 7200)×10−6 have been investigated. The piezo‐susceptibility, defined as σ=(χ−χ0)∕χ0p, is about −25×10−6. For ferromagnetic samples σ≈2×10−6 bar−1.

Ultra‐High Vacuum Use of Bayard‐Alpert Ionization Gauges

Thomas E. Hartman

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 281 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718330 (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Comparisons are made between the collected ion current vs electron emission current for a ``nude'' gauge (Veeco BGT‐75) and a glass enclosed gauge (Veeco RG‐75) both of the Bayard‐Alpert type. The ion current is directly proportional to the electron current for the nude gauge, when the electron current is 100 μA or less, down to ion currents as low as the x‐ray limit of the gauge which is 3×10−10 Torr. Good agreement between the glass and nude gauges is obtained over the limited range of electron currents where the glass gauge exhibits proportional behavior. A getter‐ion pumped ultra‐high vacuum system was used for the experiments.

New Absolute Null Method for the Measurement of Magnetic Susceptibilities in Weak Low‐Frequency Fields

C. T. Zahn

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 285 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718331 (7 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Show Abstract
Use is made of the magnetic equivalence of a uniformly polarized volume of paramagnetic material and a solenoid carrying electric current to design a very permanent variable standard of magnetic susceptibility. Such a standard is incorporated into a magnetic susceptibility bridge in a simple manner, surrounding the specimen; and the bridge is thereby transformed into an absolute null instrument of high accuracy and sensitivity, and of great ease and low cost of construction and operation. By this method numerous particular advantages of other methods are combined, and some of their notable limitations are overcome. A preliminary application was made showing that the bridge performs as expected. Important features in the design of this bridge are discussed. A detailed consideration of sources of error suggests that it may eventually be possible by this method to obtain greater absolute accuracy than by other known methods.
back to top
RSS Feeds

Cell for the Measurement of the Ultraviolet and Visible Reflectance Spectra of Powders

Lynus Barnes, Harry Goya, and Harry Zeitlin

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 292 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718333 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable

Stabilization and Control of dc Magnetic Fields with Superconducting Solenoids

Simon Foner

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 293 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718334 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable

Simple Ionization Gauge Control Circuit

H. Winkler

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 295 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718335 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable

Resolution in the Derivative Recording of Absorption Spectra

Robert C. Smith

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 296 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718336 (2 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF


See Also: Erratum

Abstract Unavailable

Magnetoresistance Probe for Measuring Magnetic Field Intensity in a Small Space

F. S. L. Hsu and J. E. Kunzler

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 297 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718337 (2 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable

Remanent Magnetic Fields in Nb☒Zr Superconducting Solenoids

A. C. Anderson and R. J. Sarwinski

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 298 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718338 (2 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable

Simple High‐Voltage Plasma Switches

N. O. O. Eikel and H. M. Skarsgard

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 299 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718339 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable

Cold Box for Use with a Weissenberg X‐Ray Diffraction Camera

K. W. Allen, G. A. Jeffrey, and R. K. McMullan

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 300 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718340 (2 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable

Light Shield for Photographic Film in X‐Ray Cameras

Victor E. Buhrke

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 34, 301 (1963); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1718341 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

Full Text: | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable
Page 1 of 2 Pages Next Page | Jump to Page
Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Go to AIP Home   © AIP Publishing LLC
close