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Mar 1959

Volume 30, Issue 3, pp. 159-208


Vernier Chronotron

Harlan W. Lefevre and James T. Russell

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 159 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716500 (8 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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The instrument described is a multichannel time interval analyzer with digital output for use in the millimicrosecond region. The analyzer consists of two circulating transmission lines with a single fast coincidence circuit between them and associated gating circuits. Each circulating line is a precisely trimmed coaxial cable with its ends joined by a two‐stage noninverting saturating amplifier. A circulating pulse delivers time marks to the input of the coincidence circuit. By making the circulation periods of the two lines slightly different, the time marks are made to arrive at slightly different frequencies. The instrument is a true vernier. To measure an interval it is only necessary to count the number of circulations before coincidence and multiply by the difference in circulation period of the lines. A commercial 256‐channel magnetic core memory is used for storage.
The circuit of the instrument is described. A method is described for predicting circulation threshold, growth to equilibrium, and equilibrium amplitude of a circulating pulse from the amplifier transfer characteristic. Data are presented which indicate the linearity, stability, and time resolution of the instrument.

Modification of a Cone‐Plate Viscometer for Direct Recording of Flow Curves

Walter H. Bauer, Alfred P. Finkelstein, Charles A. Larom, and Stephen E. Wiberley

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 167 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716501 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Using a concentric‐cylinder rotational viscometer, Weltmann has shown that automatic recording of flow curves in accordance with a predetermined program is important in the study of materials whose flow properties are shear‐dependent and time‐dependent. When the flow of such materials as greases was studied using the Ferranti‐Shirley cone‐plate viscometer, advantages of small sample size, ease of loading with minimum deformation, and uniform shear rate across the sample were apparent. However, time‐dependent properties of the grease could not be adequately described from data obtained in manual operation of the cone‐plate viscometer.
An automatic control device for shear rate acceleration of the cone‐plate viscometer has been designed so that flow curves can be obtained automatically using an X‐Y recorder. Flow curves of typical greases and other materials exhibiting non‐Newtonian and time‐dependent properties have been successfully obtained using this automatic control device. The cone‐plate viscometer as modified has distinct advantages for the study of non‐Newtonian and time‐dependent materials.

Greater Gain Band Width in Trigger Circuits

Melvin Brown

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 169 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716502 (7 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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The relation between switching speed of a trigger circuit and the gain band width (GBW) of an amplifier is discussed. A special series connection of two tubes—referred to as a dynamic plate‐load amplifier (DPL)—is then presented and analyzed. A dc analysis shows that the DPL investigated has 18% of the output impedance, and 2.75 times the dc gain of a conventional amplifier. A transient analysis shows that the DPL may have 3 times the advantage in GBW over a conventional amplifier. This GBW improvement recommends its utilization in fast trigger circuits.

Technique for Measurement of Cross‐Spectral Density of Two Random Functions

Mahinder S. Uberoi and Elmer G. Gilbert

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 176 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716503 (5 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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The cross‐spectral density of two functions may be determined by using two selective filters which have identical impulse responses except for a relative phase difference which should be 0° and 90° for the measurement of cosine and sine components, respectively. A technique is developed which is quite accurate and requires a minimum of special equipment. The operation of the system is checked by measuring the cross‐spectral density of two functions whose statistical properties are known.

Measuring Device for Diffraction Patterns

Maynard J. Columbe

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 181 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716504 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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A device for accurate measurement of diffraction patterns is described in detail. The accuracy of measurement is better than 0.01%. In addition, this device is useful for viewing photographic negatives and can also be used for other kinds of measurements.

High‐Power Vacuum Spark Gap

D. C. Hagerman and A. H. Williams

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 182 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716505 (2 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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The design and construction of a voltage graded vacuum spark gap is described. This gap is capable of switching currents as large as 106 amp at voltages up to 75 kv. The effect of the insulating walls of the gap is briefly discussed.

Helium Temperatures from Vapor Pressure Measurements

F. E. Hoare and J. E. Zimmerman

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 184 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716506 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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It is found that the temperature at any point below the surface of a helium bath, as deduced from pressure measurements over the surface corrected for hydrostatic head, does not agree with the temperature obtained using a vapor pressure bulb, the helium bath pressure invariably indicating a lower temperature, except below the λ point. The discrepancy can be reduced but not eliminated by employing a heater at the bottom of the bath to provide a copious supply of vapor bubbles throughout the bath. A sharp temperature gradient at the surface of the bath is indicated. Below the λ point no discrepancy is observed.

Self‐Excited 150‐Kilovolt Resonant Cavity for Operation at 87 Megacycles

H. E. Jackson, R. L. Martin, and J. Waggoner

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 187 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716507 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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A high‐voltage, fixed frequency re‐entrant cavity of moderate power requirements designed for use in the Cornell 1.5‐Bev synchrotron is described. Design considerations and details of the cavity gap structure are presented. The problem of multipactoring is described. Advantages of coaxial gap construction using an internal insulator are given. In particular a dc bias to prevent multipactoring can easily be applied. A simplified analysis of the operation of the cavity in terms of equivalent circuits is also given.

High‐Q Stark Cavity Absorption Cell for Microwave Spectrometers

A. Dymanus

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 191 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716508 (5 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Design considerations, description, and some data on the performance are given of a large pillbox‐shaped Stark cavity absorption cell for the 1.25‐cm wavelength region. The cavity can be used in any TE0m1 mode with m ranging from about 5 to about 12 and its most prominent features are: high loaded Q factor (∼5×103−104), good electric insulation (at pressures below 4×10−2 mm Hg Stark voltages up to 3000 v can be applied), low Stark field inhomogeneity (diameter to length ratio 15–20), large band width (from about 18 to about 28 kMc), and low mode density. No cross‐mode resonances occur and the only undesired modes excited appreciably are the TE2m1 ones. When used in transmission only the TE0m1 modes couple to the output.
The cavity can be used at the same time as a reference cavity of a Pound‐type klystron frequency stabilizer. The klystron frequency will then automatically follow the resonance frequency of the cavity over a frequency interval up to 400 Mc.

Optical Method for Determining the C Axis of Ruby Boules

R. D. Mattuck and M. W. P. Strandberg

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 195 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716509 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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A simple method is described for locating the C axis of an uncut ruby crystal. The procedure involves measurement of the angular position of the ruby for zero light transmission when it is placed between crossed polarizer and analyzer. The precision is ±1°.

Absorption Measurements and Irradiations in the Cary and Beckman Spectrophotometers, at Low and High Temperatures

Y. Hirshberg and E. Fischer

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 197 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716510 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Attachments to the Cary recording spectrophotometer and the Beckman D.U. spectrophotometer are described, which make it possible to use all‐quartz optical cells both for the measurement of absorption spectra and for irraditions of liquid or solid samples, in the temperature range between minus 170° and plus 200°. Gaseous heating and cooling agents are used throughout.
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Vacuum Seals at Liquid‐Nitrogen Temperature

J. R. Hearst, S. H. Ahn, and E. N. Strait

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 200 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716511 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Field Sources of Blackbody Radiation

A. LaRocca and G. Zissis

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 200 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716512 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Precision Chuck and Chip Catcher for Sectioning Diffusion Samples

S. J. Rothman and L. J. Sobocki

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 201 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716513 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Mercury‐Glass Check Valves

Hilton A. Smith, J. C. Posey, and C. O. Thomas

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 202 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716514 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Simple Zero Field Indicator for Betatrons

R. R. Gabriel, E. L. Garwin, and A. S. Penfold

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 203 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716515 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Simple Microvolt Potentiometer

A. F. Dunn

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 203 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716516 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Precise Density Measurements of Dense Solids By Combination of Float Method With Hydrostatic Weighing

J. Spaepen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 204 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716517 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Zeroing of Direct Current Amplifiers

R. W. Tolmie

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 205 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716518 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Diaphragm for Stigmatic Spectrographs

LeRoy S. Brooks

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 206 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716519 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Attenuation Length in Filament Scintillators

Roy M. Weinstein and Hale V. Bradt

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 206 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716520 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Control Unit for Use in the Automatic Normalization of Foil Counting

Laurence S. Beller

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30, 207 (1959); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1716521 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable
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