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Sep 1951

Volume 22, Issue 9, pp. 659-716

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A Self‐Tracking Bridge Detector for Audiofrequency Bridges

J. L. Upham

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 659 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746029 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A tuned bridge detector with a constant band width of 5 cps for use at audiofrequencies is described. The center of this band is clamped electrically to the output frequency of the associated signal generator and deviates less than ☒ cps from it. This makes manual tuning of the detector unnecessary. The narrow pass band of the amplifier reduces the noise signal to a very low value and allows detection of a ☒‐μv signal across a one‐megohm input for a continuous range of frequencies from 100 cps to 20 kcps. The indicated noise level is of the order of ☒ μv for the one megohm input; this is about the theoretical thermal noise value (0.41 μv for 5 cps, 1 megohm). The final detector signal can be easily used to activate mechanical drives for the two bridge controls in order to maintain balance of the bridge when the measured impedance changes or to reset to balance from an unbalanced condition.

Automatic Operation of a Beta‐Ray Spectrometer

W. C. Kelly and K. J. Metzgar

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 665 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746030 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Apparatus has been developed which permits the collection of data with a magnetic lens beta‐ray spectrometer without requiring the attendance of the operator. The apparatus adjusts the focusing current and finds the time to accumulate a given number of counts. Forty‐five sweep speeds are possible giving momentum intervals between plotted points ranging from 0.106 gauss‐cm to 255 gauss‐cm.

Photoelectric Control Circuits for the Ion Source of a Pressure‐Type Electrostatic Generator

Lloyd O. Herwig

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 668 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746031 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A system for the remote control of the ion source of a pressure‐type electrostatic generator is described. Control of the ion source located at the high potential is established from ground potential by means of a modulated light beam. An audio oscillator is used to modulate a light source and vibrating reed relays in the receiver are used as frequency selectors.
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Erratum: Three‐Crystal Scintillation Spectrometer

Joe Keagy Bair and Fred C. Maienschein

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 672 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746032 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Diffusion Cloud Chambers

Carl E. Nielsen, Theodore S. Needels, and Orville H. Weddle

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 673 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746033 (5 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Three forms of diffusion cloud chamber are described. Diagrams indicate their construction, and their operation is discussed. The direction of diffusion may be upward or downward. Various alcohols and water‐alcohol mixtures may be used. A stable diffusion cloud chamber giving tracks of the quality shown in the typical photographs is simple to construct and operate. The sensitive volume, while necessarily in the form of a horizontal region shallower than the chamber itself, can be made to include most of the chamber volume.

A Transient Method for Measurement of Dielectric Polarization

D. W. Davidson, R. P. Auty, and R. H. Cole

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 678 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746034 (5 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A transient method is described which measures the equivalent of the polarization following application of a step voltage by recording the changing current resulting from a linearly rising potential across a dielectric cell. The circuits described permit recording over intervals from 10−3 sec to several seconds and are intended for use with cells employing guard electrodes. Examples of results on dielectric relaxation in solids are given and limitations of the method discussed.

A Quarter‐Square Multiplier Using a Segmented Parabolic Characteristic

Britton Chance, Frederic C. Williams, Chia‐Chih Yang, John Busser, and Joseph Higgins

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 683 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746035 (6 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A circuit for multiplying two varying voltages based on the ``quarter‐square'' method has been developed. A segmented nonlinear element is used for squaring, and a time‐sharing scheme permits the use of a single squaring element instead of duplicate elements as in previous designs. The circuit has a time delay of less than 40 microseconds (0–67 percent) and has an accuracy of better than ±1 percent. The original circuit was designed to operate only in the first quadrant. Various methods for including the four quadrants are discussed.

A Combined Current Indicator and Integrator

W. A. Higinbotham and S. Rankowitz

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 688 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746036 (3 pages) | Cited 25 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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An instrument is described which combines a current integrating circuit and a dc amplifier to provide a continuous indication of the current being integrated. The instrument is stable, easy to calibrate, and covers a range of input currents from 0.01 to 500 microamperes full scale.

A Recording Torsion Pendulum for the Measurement of the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics and Rubbers

Lawrence E. Nielsen

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 690 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746037 (4 pages) | Cited 44 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A recording instrument for measuring the dynamic shear modulus and mechanical damping of plastic and rubber‐like materials using the principle of the torsion pendulum has been constructed. The mechanical oscillations are converted into electrical potentials for recording by a torque measuring device which is actuated by a differential transformer. The apparatus is capable of measuring the modulus and damping of materials over an extremely wide range.
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An Application of Mass Spectrometer Analysis to the Study of Respiratory Metabolism

Arnold W. Pratt, Bernard E. Burr, Murray Eden, and Egon Lorenz

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 694 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746038 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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An application of the mass spectrometer to the study of the respiratory metabolism is described. In this application an unmodified mass spectrometer is used for high precision measurements of both the normal and abnormal components in the collected samples. From these data the oxygen consumption rate, the carbon dioxide formation rate, and the respiratory quotient are calculated for physiological interpretation.
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A Device for Determining the Direction of Flux Lines in the Time Varying Magnetic Field of a Particle Accelerator

Robert E. Richardson and Duane C. Sewell

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 697 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746039 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

A Cathode‐Type Arc‐Ion Source

E. H. Beach and W. C. Parkinson

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 697 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746040 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Decreasing Relay Differential Electrically

J. J. Baruch

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 699 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746041 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A Circular Geiger‐Mueller Counter

George Ensell and S. D. Chatterjee

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 700 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746042 (1 page) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Construction of the External‐Cathode Geiger Counter

Merritt L. MacKnight and Robert L. Chasson

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 700 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746043 (2 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Generation of Functions by Windup Mechanisms

R. A. Harrington

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 701 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746044 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A Simple Helium Transport Vessel

O. D. Gonzalez, David White, and H. L. Johnston

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 702 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746045 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A Vacuum Valve for Glass Systems

Joshua Stern

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 703 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746046 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Sensitive Leak Control

M. H. Mueller and R. B. Bilinski

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 704 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746047 (1 page) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Pulse Inverter Circuit

Leonard Reiffel

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 704 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746048 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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The Temperature Coefficient of Scintillation Phosphors

W. L. Minarik and H. G. Drickamer

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 704 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746049 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Energy Doubling in dc Accelerators

Luis W. Alvarez

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 705 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746050 (2 pages) | Cited 22 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Astigmatism Correction for Oscilloscopes

H. O. Hoadley

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 706 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746051 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Reduction in Starting Time of Collins Helium Cryostat

Robert P. Cavileer

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 708 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746052 (1 page) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Homogeneous Extension of Single Crystals

F. D. Rosi

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 22, 708 (1951); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1746053 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable
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