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Feb 1948

Volume 19, Issue 2, pp. 67-129


The Properties of Some New Types of Counters

S. C. Curran and J. M. Reid

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 67 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741220 (9 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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It is generally assumed that it is essential to use a cylinder of circular section as the cathode if a good counter of the point or wire type is to be made. Investigation of various geometrical forms of cathode with a wire as anode shows that counters may be made in a large variety of shapes and yet operate satisfactorily. Thus a large rectangular vessel with a wire placed symmetrically within the volume or mounted close to one wall has been found to operate as a self‐quenched counter.
The use of such shapes is shown to result in improved performance in several important respects, e.g., reduced operating voltages, shorter dead‐times. By the use of several wires in the same vessel, coincidence arrangements are made easily possible. This can be applied successfully to the construction of a counter which has a reduced natural counting rate but still presents a large solid angle to an external source. Various other applications are considered.

A Novel Oscillator

J. C. Mouzon

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 76 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741221 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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An oscillator is described which employs inductive feedback between plate and cathode with the grid grounded. This arrangement results in some desirable characteristics.

A New Radiation Meter

Henry P. Kalmus and George O. Striker

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 79 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741222 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Present industrial methods of photoelectric measurement are incapable of approaching the theoretical sensitivity limit set by thermal agitation noise because of various practical limitations restricting the maximum useful gain. A new method is described for converting the d.c. space currents in photo‐tubes into a.c. voltages capable of amplification to the point where only fluctuation noise limits the accuracy. This conversion consists in the magnetic deflection or suppression of space currents with the use of an alternating magnetic modulating field applied transversely across the path of photoelectrons. A practical circuit is described with which photo‐currents were measured close to the threshhold of agitation noise without use of other than commercial radio components. The new method affords complete separation of the actual photo‐currents from all leakage currents in the input circuit without the use of a.c. light sources or light‐chopping mechanisms.

High Vacuum Valve and Seal

L. D. P. King

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 83 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741223 (2 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A simple two‐way valve and a method of making a seal are described, both well adapted to large or small port openings in high vacuum work. The valve gate consists of two rigid flat surfaces on which are mounted the gaskets. The plates are normally drawn together but can be pushed in front of the ports and forced apart by the action of a cam fixed to rod. A round rubber gasket held in a special groove of one surface pushed against another flat surface produces an excellent vacuum seal. The metal‐to‐metal seat prevents injury to the rubber from excessive pressure or the exposure of the rubber to the vacuum system.

A New Balanced Electrometer Circuit

P. A. Caldwell

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 85 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741224 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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An electrometer circuit is described in which it is possible to choose the resistances such that the plate voltage is independent of the supply voltage. When the circuit is used as the input stage of a direct‐coupled amplifier, this leads to a simplification of the amplifier design. The equations determining the circuit constants in terms of the electrometer parameters are derived and applied to a G.E. Type FP‐54 electrometer tube. The possibility of obtaining a higher order of balance is briefly discussed.

A Linear Electron Accelerator

E. L. Ginzton, W. W. Hansen, and W. R. Kennedy

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 89 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741225 (20 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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The theory, design, and some experimental results relative to linear electron accelerators are discussed. It is shown that, though the orbits are unstable, this instability is so small as to be negligible in general, provided the electrons are injected at relativistic velocities. Likewise, space‐charge spreading may be neglected. The optimum loading design is found for various types of power feeds and curves are given by means of which any design may be evaluated. A number of illustrative cases are discussed. Operation of a low power, 38‐section accelerator is described.

Measurement of the Electron Current in a 22‐Mev Betatron

Leon Bess and A. O. Hanson

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 108 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741207 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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The magnitude of the charge circulating in a betatron orbit is determined from its magnetic effect. The results indicate that the charge accelerated to high energy per second, in a 22‐Mev betatron operating at 180 cycles per second, corresponds to an average current of about 0.15 microampere.

Short Time Delays in Geiger Counters

Chalmers W. Sherwin

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 111 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741208 (5 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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There are at least two types of short time delays in the firing of Geiger counters. The first is due to the transit time of the secondary electrons as they migrate toward the central wire. This time can be measured when beta particles are sent parallel to the axis of the counter, creating secondaries at known distances from the axis. In a typical counter, 2.2 cm in diameter, the maximum secondary electron transit time is measured at about 11×10−8 second.
The second delay occurs between the time the electron arrives near the center wire, and the time a pulse is detected on the output of a wide band amplifier connected to the center wire. Increasing the voltage on the counter from the threshold to an over‐voltage of 250 volts, decreases this delay by 10 to 20×10−8 second. It is suggested that this delay is due to the time required to form the initial part of the ion sheath.
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A Note on Soldering Aluminum

Louis D. Statham

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 116 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741209 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Photoelectric Alpha‐Particle Detector

S. C. Curran and W. R. Baker

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 116 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741210 (1 page) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Calibrated Null Circuit for Perkin‐Elmer Infra‐Red Spectrometer

R. L. Chapman, N. B. Colthup, and R. J. Francel

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 116 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741211 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Sealed Sample Holder for X‐Ray Diffraction Powder Work

C. L. Christ and E. F. Champaygne

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 117 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741212 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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A New Type of Servo‐Accelerometer and Aircraft Dive Angle Indicator

Donald H. Jacobs

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 118 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741213 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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See Also: Erratum

Abstract Unavailable

An Improved Tackiness Meter

Joseph M. Lambert and Richard A. McDonald

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 119 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741214 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Self‐Printing X‐Ray Diffraction Interplanar Scale

A. P. deBretteville and S. Benedict Levin

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 120 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741215 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Effect of Vaccum‐Tube Size on X‐Ray Output of a Synchrotron

F. R. Elder, R. V. Langmuir, and H. C. Pollock

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 121 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741216 (2 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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Thin Glass Window to Withstand High Pressures

Leo Seren

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 123 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741217 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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New Instruments

W. A. Wildhack

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 123 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741218 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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New Materials

Forrest K. Harris

Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 127 (1948); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1741219 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 December 2004

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